高考復(fù)習(xí)英語語音知識與發(fā)音技巧(4)
來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2018-10-20 23:23:08
s在詞首或清輔音前
元音字母間或濁輔音前 [s] sit sleep desk
[z] music husband
sc- [sk] scarlet
[s] muscle science
sh [∫] she fish shirt wash
t在通常情況下
在弱讀字母ia ie io前 [t] ten letter meet
[∫] patient nation
tch [t∫] watch
th在通常情況下
在冠詞 代詞 介詞 連詞中
在詞尾-the -ther中 [θ] thin thirty method
[?] the these with than
[?] clothe father weather
tr- [tr] tree train country truck
v [v] very voice love leave
w [w] week win wake sweet wait
[/] answer two
wh-
wh-在字母o前 [w] what when white why
[h] who whose whole
x
在重讀元音前 [ks] box text exercise
[gz] examle exist exact
wr- [r] write
y- [j] yes yard yellow young
z [z] puzzle zero zoo
不符合規(guī)則的詞:get girl give gird girder girdle gink gimp gimme
和字母k一樣,g在字母n前面通常不發(fā)音,也可把gn-看成一個輔字組:
gnarl gnar gnash gnat gnathic gnathism gnaw gnome gnomic gnu
單詞字母g也有不發(fā)音的現(xiàn)象: diaphragm
7、特殊讀音
1)音的連讀:前面的詞以元輔音結(jié)尾,后面的單詞以元音開頭,這樣結(jié)尾的輔音要和開頭的元音連讀。例如:not at all,half an hour,I love you and all、after all
2)失去爆破:輔音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的輔音要失去爆破。例如:good girl,good student,good job,expression,school,extreme
3)音的同化:兩個特殊的音碰到一起,會發(fā)出變異成特殊的音。例如:Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Can't you see it? last year,this year。
8、重音
1)單詞重音
A)雙音節(jié)詞
a)一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter,sorry。
b)有 a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans- 等前綴的詞,第二個音節(jié)是重音。a`bout,be`l(xiāng)ieve,ad`dress,de`cide, re`port, con`demn, res`pect,com`pare,in`form,dis`cuss,im`press, mis`take, en`force,pre`pare,em`ploy,per`mit,es`cape,pro`duce,ex`claim,trans`l(xiāng)ate。
c)有 de-,in-,re-,con-,pre- 等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān),一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上,其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。`record,re`cord; `insult,in`sult; `conduct,con`duct; `present pre`sent; `content,con`tent。
d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴 re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的詞,有兩個重音。`out`side,`re`tell,`well-`known,`un`real,`fif`teen,`Chi`nese,`pre-`war,`post-`war。
B)多音節(jié)詞
a)一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。`difficult,`communist,`family,e`conomy,oppor`tunity,de`mocracy。
b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞,加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié),但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。`carefully,in`definite,`comfortable,con`ductor,ac`cording,dis`turbance,`complicated,es`tablishment。
c)詞尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive 后綴的詞,重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上。cour`teous,cal`l(xiāng)igraphy,edi`torial,his`torian,peri`odic,mathe`matics,ex`perience,suf`ficient,i`dentify,trans`l(xiāng)ation,re`l(xiāng)igious,curi`osity,pro`tective。
)詞尾有 -ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette 后綴的詞,重音在該后綴上,而且有一個次重音。enter`tain,emplo`yee,mountai`neer,Japa`nese,ciga`rette。
2)句子重音
A) 英語的節(jié)奏:(輕)-輕-重-輕-(輕)或重-輕-(輕)(輕)重。
B) 英語句子的長短:是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的,而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字數(shù)目決定的。
C) 實詞重讀(副詞重讀),虛詞輕讀(冠詞,單音節(jié)介詞,單音節(jié)連詞,人稱代詞,反代詞,物主代詞,關(guān)系代詞,相互代詞,助動詞,情態(tài)動詞和系動詞be。
D) 實詞不重讀的特殊情況
a) 實詞第二次出現(xiàn) He thinks of that as a child thinks.
b) 一個名詞被第二個名詞修飾 I met her in the railway station.
c) 代替詞 Which book do you want? The small one.
d) 感嘆詞中的 what 和how What a good day it is! How beautiful she is!
e) street 在專有名詞中 Wangfujing Street。
f)this在這些短語中,this morning/afternoon/evening 。
E)虛詞重讀的特殊情況
a) 情態(tài)動詞,助動詞和系動詞be在句首,句尾和否定時。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can you help me? Yes, I can. I don't like you. He isn't a worker.
b) 情態(tài)動詞表示可能,驚奇和肯定時。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.
c) 介詞在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.
d) 引導(dǎo)復(fù)合句的連詞在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I'll tell him.
e) 反身代詞表示強調(diào)。He couldn't come himself.
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