高考英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：九大狀語(yǔ)從句總復(fù)習(xí)

　　狀語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等，按意義可以分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　一．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　通常由從屬連詞when, whenever, as, while, before, after, as soon as, till, until, since, once (一旦), hardly……when…, no sooner…….than…; 等引導(dǎo)。例如：

　　The cyclist started just as the lights changed to green.

　　Whenever we met with difficulties , they cam to help us.

　　He didn’t leave his office until he had finished the day’s work.

　　應(yīng)注意的問(wèn)題

　　1．在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，通常要用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。但when 引導(dǎo)一般疑問(wèn)句或名詞性從句時(shí)不受上述語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的限制，因此，應(yīng)該加以區(qū)分。例如：

　　When China will enter WTO depends on the bilateral (雙邊的)joint efforts.

　　Once you understand the rules of the game, you’ll enjoy it.

　　2.when , while, as 的不同用法。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，當(dāng)主、從句的動(dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的事，三者可以換用。when既可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)動(dòng)作，也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫動(dòng)作，可用于主句和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作；while 引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，往往側(cè)重主句和從句動(dòng)作的對(duì)比；as 用于引導(dǎo)“在某行為的繼續(xù)中發(fā)生某事”的“繼續(xù)之行為”，所以多與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)連用，翻譯成“一邊……一邊……”或者表示動(dòng)作的變化，翻譯成“隨著……”。

　　例如：

　　I hope you’ll think of my words as/when/while you drive on the busy roads.

　　When he realized it, the chance had been lost.

　　When he came home, I was cooking dinner.

　　I was fat when I was a child.

　　He took a bath while I was preparing dinner.

　　As I was walking down the street, an American asked me for the directions to the nearest station.

　　He sang songs as he was taking a bath.

　　As he gets older he gets more optimistic.

　　另外還必須注意 when和while 的特殊用法。when 可以表示“就在這時(shí)，突然”之意；而while 則可以表示對(duì)比的含義，常可譯作“而”。例如：

　　She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

　　A. whom B. where C. which D. while

　　答案：D. 本句的意思是“她認(rèn)為我在談?wù)撍�女兒，然而，�?shí)際上，我在談?wù)撐遗畠骸?rdquo;

　　再如：

　　I was about to go to bed when the phone rang a second time.

　　我正準(zhǔn)備去睡覺(jué)，就在這時(shí)電話鈴又響了。

　　3．since 和before 的用法區(qū)別。兩者都可用于 “It + be + since/ before-從句”的句型，區(qū)別在于 since 表示“自從…… 以來(lái)”，所在主、從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系是：It is/has been some time since sb did something. 而before 的含義則是“（過(guò)了多久）才……”,主、從句的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系是：It was/ had been some time before sb did sth。表示過(guò)去和將來(lái)時(shí)，兩者相應(yīng)的句型分別是：It was some time since sb had done something. 和It will be some time before sb does something. 例如：

　　It was / had been years before I came back from abroad.

　　It will be five years before we meet again.

　　4.一些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組如： the first time, the second time, last time， the moment, the minute，the year, every time, each time , next time, 或副詞immediately, instantly, directly等也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：

　　I’ll tell you about it the moment you come.

　　I recognized her the minute I saw her.

　　I’m going to see him next time he comes to Shanghai.

　　He left Europe the year World War II broke out.

　　I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.

　　My sister came directly( = as soon as ) she got my message.

　　5.till 和until

　　till 和until 意義相同，多數(shù)情況下可以換用，但用以強(qiáng)調(diào)，句首多用until; 在強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)或與not 連用時(shí)多用until. 例如：

　　Nothing can be done till/until the boss returns.

　　We waited till/until they came back.

　　Until we know the facts, we can’t do anything about it.

　　Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.

　　6.hardly……when和no sooner……than相當(dāng)于as soon as 之意，也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。hardly 及no sooner 置于句首時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，主句的謂語(yǔ)要部分倒裝。例如：

　　We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.

　　= Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

　　The spy had no sooner returned home than he was told to go to another country.

　　= No sooner had the spy returned home than he was told to go to another country.

　　二．地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句由 where和wherever 引導(dǎo)，在主句前、后都可。where 表示特指，wherever 則表示泛指。但不少學(xué)生易將其和定語(yǔ)從句混淆，再者有的同學(xué)對(duì)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句不太注意，所以往往做錯(cuò)。例如：

　　You should make it a rule to leave things ___ you can find them again.

　　A.when B.where C.then D.there

　　答案：B. 注意它引導(dǎo)的不是定語(yǔ)從句。

　　After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.(NMET 96)

　　A.which B. where C. that D. when

　　答案：B. 這是一個(gè)由where 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞the small town.。再如：

　　Where there is a will, there’s a way.

　　九大狀語(yǔ)從句總復(fù)習(xí)（2）

　　狀語(yǔ)從句在主從復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等，按意義可以分為時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　三．原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　1．原因狀語(yǔ)從句多由because, since, as 引導(dǎo)。because 引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句末，表示直接的原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，回答why提出的問(wèn)題，重點(diǎn)在從句；since 引導(dǎo)的從句一般放在句首，表已知的原因，全句重在交代結(jié)果，比because 語(yǔ)氣弱，常譯作“既然”； as 引導(dǎo)的從句放在句首或句末，表示比較明顯的原因，說(shuō)明因果關(guān)系，語(yǔ)氣較弱，重點(diǎn)在主句，譯作“由于”。例如：

　　_____ you have seen both fighters,_____ will win ?

　　A.Since; do you think who B.As; who you think

　　C.When; whoever D.Since; who do you think

　　答案：D. since 表示“既然”，所傳達(dá)的信息是顯而易見(jiàn)的。再如：

　　As all the seats are full, he had to stand waiting.

　　---“Why aren’t you coming with us to the concert ?”

　　---“Because I have got a bad headache.”

　　此外，for 也可表示原因，但它是并列連詞，引出并列分句，表示間接原因，用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明內(nèi)容，或據(jù)此而作出某種推斷。例如：

　　She must have wept, for there are tear trails on her cheeks.

　　2.now that也可引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“既然”，與since 同義，但更突出事實(shí)本身。

　　四．目的狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　通常由so that, in order that, so, in case“以防、以免”等連詞引導(dǎo)。例如：

　　He took the medicine on time so that he might get well again.

　　The teacher must speak clearly so that his students can/may understand well.

　　She has bought the book in order that she can follow the TV lessons.

　　1．目的狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)常含有may/might, can/could, should , will/would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，通常主句在前，從句在后，主句與從句之間沒(méi)有逗號(hào)。

　　2．in order that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句和so that 引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句可以換用，但in order that多用于正式文體中，而so 可用于口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中。例如：

　　We’ll sit nearer the front so (that) we can hear better.

　　3. in case 在非正式文體中,常引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“以防、以免”等含義。例如：

　　He left early in case he should miss the train.

　　Take your raincoat in case it rains/ should rain.

　　五．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　通常由連詞so that, so…that, such… that等引導(dǎo)。例如：

　　He had overslept, so that he was late for work.

　　He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.

　　He made such an excellent speech that everyone admired him.

　　1.so…that和such…that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句都表示主句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)達(dá)到一定的程度而引起的結(jié)果。

　　so 是副詞，用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞、分詞或其它結(jié)構(gòu)，such 是形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。例如：

　　There were so many people in the room that we couldn’t get in.

　　So badly was he injured that he had to go to the hospital. (so短語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，主句須倒裝)