2019年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語知識點(diǎn):代詞
來源:網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源 2018-10-21 22:56:39
語法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題二-代詞
代詞的分類
1.人稱代詞:有主格、賓格、所有格(含形容詞性和名詞性兩種所有格)
2.反身代詞:myself ,yourself ,himself ,herself ,itself ,ourselves ,yourselves
themselves
3.指示代詞:this ,that ,these ,those
4.疑問代詞:who ,whom ,what ,which
5.相互代詞:each other ,one another
6.不定代詞:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another,
something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody
7.關(guān)系代詞(用于定語從句):who ,whom ,whose,that ,which ,as
代詞用法注意點(diǎn)
1.名詞性所有格代詞可作主語、賓語、表語,可用于雙重所有格。例如:
s t my book. It This isn his. Mine is in the bag. /Is she a friend of yours ?/Do
you think this bag of mine beautiful ?/She lost some pencils of hers.
2.反身代詞可用于某些固定搭配。例如:
、(all)by oneself 自己單干,獨(dú)立干:
The boy usually finishes his homework by himself.
、趏f oneself 自動(dòng)地,自行地:
Mary will correct her mistakes in the exercises of herself.
、踗or oneself 替/為自己:You have to choose for yourself.
3.指示代詞this/these一般用來指時(shí)間和空間上較近的人或物;that/those 常指時(shí)間和
空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。
進(jìn)行比較時(shí),that可代替不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)名詞以避免重復(fù);those 可代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞以
免重復(fù)。例如:
The water of the well is cleaner than that of the river./The Christmas cards are
much better than those you bought yesterday.
4.相互代詞each other ,one another.前者通常指兩者之間的"相互",后者側(cè)重三者或三
者以上的"相互",也可指兩者之間的"相互"。
5.不定代詞
、賡ome多用于肯定句;any多用于否定句,疑問句或條件句中。另外some可用于表示請求、
提議或者希望得到肯定回答的疑問句中,修飾可數(shù)名詞,表示"任何、無論哪一個(gè)"
例如:
If you have any ink ,please give me some.
Edison became quite expert at it and could find work in any town he went to.
②all 與none
all表示"三者或三者以上全部",可以修飾可數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞。none用于表示對三個(gè)或
三個(gè)以上的人或物的否定,意思是"沒有什么人,沒有什么東西",可作主語和賓語。none
of…后的謂語可以是單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)形式。none可以簡略回答以How many或How much開 頭的疑問句。
例如:
None of them have/has failed.
-- How many books are there on the desk ? -- None.
注意:no one (=nobody)不同于none ,作主語時(shí)只能跟單數(shù)謂語,不可跟of短語連用,
回答以who開頭的問句,不能回答How many/much …開頭的問句。
例如:
-- Who is in the room ? -- no one(=Nobody).
--Is there any oil in the glass ? -- None.
、踥ther ,another ,the other ,others ,the others
other表示"沒有范圍的,其他的",與名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用。如:other books/boys/…
another泛指很多中的"另一個(gè)",可作代詞或形容詞用,代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
如: I don't like this hat,please show me another.
the other可作代詞或形容詞用,指已知的事物或人中的"另一個(gè)",或另一方中的"全
部其他的"。
如:
I have two sisters.One is a student and the other is a worker./I can see only
two teachers in the office.Where are the other teachers ?
others泛指其他的人或物;the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some對比使用。
例如:
Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.
Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.
、躱ne作為不定代詞,泛指"任何人"(包括說話人在內(nèi)),還可用來代替上文出現(xiàn)過的可
數(shù)名詞(指人或物),并有復(fù)數(shù)形式ones。
例如:
I have bought a new bike.My old one s duty. t work./One must do one doesn
注意:one ,that都可代替前面出現(xiàn)過的單數(shù)名詞,但這樣用時(shí),one可被前置或后置
定語修飾,that只能被后置定語修飾。
例如:
This book is the one that is needed by him.
My seat is next to that of our teacher.
代詞考點(diǎn)分析
1.-- When shall we meet again ?
s all -- Make it _____ day you like;it the same to me.(96年高考題)
A.one B.a(chǎn)ny C.some D.a(chǎn)nother
析: 此題答案為B。若選A,one day意"過去/將來的某一天";若選C,some day意"有朝一日"、"將來某一天"、"遲早";若選D,another day意"改日"、"又/另一天";選B,any day意"隨便哪一天"、"無論哪一天",顯然它適合此題。
m reading a new book these days ,_____ in 2.I English.
A.it B.that C.one D.which
析: 排除A選項(xiàng)it的原因是因?yàn)閕t前或后都不可放定語;若選B項(xiàng)that,則因其不能替代同一事物,也可排除;至于D項(xiàng)which,因其是定語從句引導(dǎo)詞,在此明顯不合用。只有C項(xiàng)one一方面它可有前置或后置定語,另一方面它可以替代前面出現(xiàn)的名詞a book,故是正確答案。
3.There were two boys who called and I gave an apple to _____.
A.every B.all C.either D.each
析: 由題干內(nèi)容可知有兩個(gè)孩子在叫喊,故all(指三者或三者以上)不可選;every表"兩者中任意的一個(gè)",在此不符合情景之需要。只有D,each(兩者中的每一個(gè))填入空白才合題干內(nèi)容。
t know _____ of the visitors here;we only know some. 4.We don
A.everyone B.every one C.anybody D.each one
析: 因?yàn)閑veryone ,everybody ,anybody等不定代詞一般不帶限定語(此處不能與of短語連用),故A、C選項(xiàng)可排除。若選D項(xiàng),因not…each結(jié)構(gòu)表全否定,與下句"we only know some"不合,故不能成立。只有選B時(shí),not…every表半否定,與下句意相合。
5.Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in _____.
(上海題)
A.the other B.some other C.others D.those other
析: 根據(jù)in some ways(在某些方面),可知空白處要選表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義的詞,據(jù)此可排除A、B;又因?yàn)闆]有those other這樣的詞語,故可排除D。根據(jù)some常與others相呼應(yīng)使用規(guī)律,可定C為正確答案。
6.The question is too difficult and we found _____.
A.it not easy to answer it B.it was not easy for us to answer it
s not easy to answer D.it C.it not easy to answer
析: 根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致規(guī)律,we found后不可跟C選項(xiàng);要表達(dá)"那個(gè)問題不容易答。"這一意思時(shí),應(yīng)說The question is not easy to answer.要表達(dá)"我們發(fā)現(xiàn)那個(gè)問題不容易答。"這一意思時(shí),應(yīng)說We found the question (was)not easy to answer.據(jù)此可排除A、B選項(xiàng);只有D才是唯一正確選項(xiàng)。
7.The hairdresser now cuts s hair. s and women _____ men
A.any B.each C.both D.either
s hair s and women 析: 根據(jù)題干men ,可知應(yīng)選與兩者有關(guān)的代詞,于是立即可排除A。由于each 和either不可直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格(應(yīng)說each of …,either of…),故又可排除B、D選項(xiàng)。只有both才能與其后的and構(gòu)成both…and…結(jié)構(gòu)。故正確答案是C。
8.--Shall I sit at this end of the boat or the other end ?
--If you keep still ,you can sit at _____end. (NMET)
A.neither B.each C.either D.any
析: 一條船只有兩頭,any是指三者或三者以上,在此不合用。neither是"兩者都不",填入空白處意思不對;each意"兩者或三者,三者以上每個(gè)人都…",若填入此題空白,不合語境,因?yàn)橐粋(gè)人不能同時(shí)坐船的兩頭。只有選either(兩者之一)才合此題情景。
9.--Have you finished your report yet ?
ll finish in _____ ten minutes. --No ,I (NMET)
A.less B.more C.other D.another
析: less后可直接跟形容詞、副詞、名詞,象ten minutes這樣的"數(shù)詞+名詞"短語則不可直接放于less之后,只能放于less than之后,因此A項(xiàng)可排除。"再過/再用十分鐘"可以說in ten more minutes ,ten minutes more ,another ten minutes ,據(jù)此可排除B項(xiàng)。至于other一詞,因它不能表達(dá)"再、又"意,故也可排除。因此D為正確答案。
10.Canada is larger than _____ country in Asia. (NMET)
A.any B.any other C.other D.another
析: 此題是加拿大與亞洲國家相比,無需other或another ,else這類詞,故B、C、D應(yīng)排除。因?yàn)閍ny(任何)后可跟單數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞,填入空白意思也合語境,所以A是正確答案。
代詞專練
1.-- Which of the two dictionaries will you borrow ?
ll -- I borrow _____ ,for the different uses.
A.all B.both C.either D.neither
2._____ of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.
A.Each B.Any C.No one D.None
t eat in a restaurant because _____ of us had _____ 3.We couldn money on us.
A.all ;no B.any ;no C.none ;any D.no one ;any
4.They were all very tired ,but _____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A.neither B.none C.some D.any
5.There is a No.2 trolleybus and a No.24 bus ;_____ will take you there.
A.both B.either C.all D.any
6.As we were asleep ,_____ of us heard the sound.
A.both B.none C.either D.any
7.-- Which of the five may I use ?
-- Oh ,____.
A.any one B.anyone C.anything D.nothing
8.--Are the two answers correct ?
--No ,_____ correct.
A.no one is B.both are not C.neither is D.either is not
t _____. 9.I asked him for some oil ,but he hadn
A.any B.some C.no D.anything
10.You have three English dictionaries ,but I have only two _____.
A.ones B.不填 C.the one D.the ones
11.I have a colour TV set.I want to sell ____.
A.one B.the one C.that D.it
12.This film is not so good as _____ we saw last week.
A.that B.it C.the one D.one
13._____ of us must go there and help him out.
A.One or other B.One by one
C.One or the other D.One or another
14.We all felt _____ to be the highest praise.
A.it B.that C.that one D.the one
t you read _____ English storices ?Please tell us an 15.Haven interesting one.
A.any B.all C.either D.some
16.-- Would you like _____ dumplings ?
-- No,thanks.
A.some B.another C.any D.all
17.If there is _____ chance ,I will try another.
A.one B.any C.some D.all
18.-- Are _____ here to take the college entrance exam ?
-- Yes ,we _____.
A.all you ;are all B.you all ;all are
C.all of you ;are all D.you of all ;all are
19.Mr Green gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____ who had already
taken them.
A.one B.the ones C.some D.the others
20.-- Have you ever seen a snake alive ?
ve seen _____. -- Yes ,I
A.that B.so C.one D.it
21.-- Lily ,do you have an umbrella ?It is raining outside.
s _____. -- Yes ,but it
A.small one B.small umbrella C.only a small one D.that one
t s mother kept telling him that he should work hard ,but _____ didn 22.Tom help.
A.this B.which C.any D.it
23.-- Have you got _____ red ink ?
t got _____. -- Sorry ,I haven
A.some ;some B.any ;many C.some ;any D.any ;some
24.I prefer a street in a small town to _____ in such a large city as Shanghai.
A.that B.it C.this D.one
25.Sarad has read a lot of stories by American writers.Now she would like to
read _____ stories by writers from _____ countries.
A.some ;any B.other ;some C.some ;other D.other ;other
26.-- Is _____ here ?
-- No ,Bob and Tim have asked for leave.
A.anybody B.somebody C.everybody D.nobody
27.Our headmaster advised us that in order to succeed in life ,one has to be
honest with _____ friends.
s D.our A.their B.her C.one
28.I borrowed some books _____ myself ,but when I was going to read them ,the
lamp went out _____ itself and I had to sit in the dark _____ myself.
A.不填;for;by B.by;for;of C.for;of;by D.of;不填;by
29.When I first saw the old farmer ,I could hardly imagine _____ invented the
machine to pick cotton.
A.himself B.he himself C.he for himself D.he by himself
30.It is impossible for all the people to get the job ,because _____ of them
are not fit for it.
A.all of B.none of C.each of D.every one of
代詞專練答案
1-5 B D C B B 6-10 B A C A B
11-15 D C A B D 16-20 A B B B C
21-25 C D C D C 26-30 C C C B A
高三英語復(fù)習(xí)教案與訓(xùn)練--代詞
3. 代詞
代詞是代替名詞的詞類。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。
一、人稱代詞是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我們"、"你們"、"他們"的詞。人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化,見下表:
數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格
第一人稱 I me we us
第二人稱 you you you you
第三人稱 he him they them
she her they them
it it they them
例如:He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It's me. 是我。
二、 物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種,其人物和數(shù)的變化見下表。
數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱 第一人稱 第二人稱 第三人稱
形容詞性物主代詞 my your his/her/its our your their
名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
例如: I like his car. 我喜歡他的小汽車。
Our school is here,and theirs is there. 我們的學(xué)校在這兒,他們的在那兒。
三、 指示代詞表示"那個(gè)"、"這個(gè)"、"這些"、"那些"等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。
例如:That is a good idea. 那是個(gè)好主意。
四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我們自己"、"你們自己"和"他們自己"等的代詞,叫做自身代詞,也稱為
"反身代詞"。
例如:She was talking to herself. 她自言自語。
五、 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞,有each other 和one another兩組,但在運(yùn)用中,這兩組詞沒什么大的區(qū)別。
例如:They love each other. 他們彼此相愛。
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見的不定代詞有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代詞,如anybody, something,no one。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語、賓語、表語和定語,但none和由some,any,no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語、賓語或表語;every和no只能作定語。
例如:--- Do you have a car? --你有一輛小汽車嗎?
--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一輛。
--- I don't know any of them. 他們,我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識。
七、 疑問代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。疑問代詞都可用作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句和表語從句)
例如:Tell me who he is. 告訴我他是誰。
八、 關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們在定語從句中可作主語、
表語、賓語、定語等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞(先行詞)。
例如:He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
3.1 人稱代詞的用法
1)人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補(bǔ)語。例如:
John waited a while but eventually he went home. 約翰等了一會(huì)兒,最后他回家了。
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語相同,代詞主語要用在從句中,名詞主語用在主句中。例如:
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補(bǔ)語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語。
例如: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他們在一起,至少我認(rèn)為是她。(her做賓語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補(bǔ)語)
a. -- Who broke the vase? --誰打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我。(me做主語補(bǔ)語= It's me.)
說明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語補(bǔ)語,F(xiàn)代英語中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和I。
3.2 人稱代詞之主、賓格的替換
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