2019年高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：短語(yǔ)句型

　　高中英語(yǔ)句型歸納

　　1. be doing/ be about to do/ had done…, when…(when：這時(shí), 強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)動(dòng)作的突然發(fā)生)

　　1). I was walking along the river, when I heard a drowning boy cry for help.

　　2). I was about to leave when it began to rain.

　　3). I had just finished my test paper when the bell rang, announcing the exam was over.

　　2. It was (not ) + 時(shí)間段+before +一般過(guò)去時(shí)      過(guò)了一段時(shí)間就……..

　　It will (not )be+ 時(shí)間段+before +一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)     要過(guò)一段時(shí)間才會(huì)…

　　It is/ has been +時(shí)間段+ since…..

　　It was +點(diǎn)時(shí)間+ when…..

　　It was +時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)+ that …..（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

　　1). It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識(shí)到他處境危險(xiǎn)（動(dòng)作已發(fā)生）

　　2). It will be half a year before you graduate from the school.  還有半年你才從這個(gè)學(xué)校畢業(yè)（動(dòng)作未發(fā)生）

　　3). It is 3 years since he worked here.=he left here.（since從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞若是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，要從這個(gè)動(dòng)作結(jié)束的時(shí)候算起）

　　4). It was 3 o'clock when they received the telephone.

　　5)  It was at 3 o'clock that they received the telephone.

　　3. no 比較級(jí) than:         A 與B都不………   /僅僅，只有

　　not比較級(jí) than:         A 不如B   /  不超過(guò)，至多

　　more……… than………   與其….倒不如……(= not as/ so……..as……)

　　more than=not only       不僅僅……..

　　1). He works no harder than I.他和我都不用功

　　2). He doesn't work harder than I.他不如我用功

　　3). There are no more than seven people in the room.  屋里僅有七個(gè)人

　　4). There are not more than seven people in the room.  屋里至多有七個(gè)人

　　5). He is more diligent than clever.  與其說(shuō)他聰明，倒不如說(shuō)他勤奮

　　He is not as/ so clever as diligent.

　　6)It is more like a meeting than like a party.--> It is not as a party as a meeting

　　7).Mr. Zhang is more than my teacher, he is also my best friend.張先生不僅僅是我的老師，他還是我的朋友

　　4. once…..一旦….., 表示時(shí)間和條件

　　1)Once you understand what the teacher explained, you will have no difficulty doing the work.

　　2). Once you have decided to do something, you should finish it and do it well.

　　5. The +比較級(jí)…….，the +比較級(jí)……..越……, 越……

　　1) The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.

　　2)The busier he is, the happier he feels.

　　6. as if/ as though…..（表示與事實(shí)相反，用虛擬；若表示即將成為事實(shí)或有可能成為事實(shí)，則用陳述語(yǔ)氣）

　　1). He was in great trouble, but he acted as if nothing had happened.

　　2). Although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been friends for many years

　　3). The clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.

　　7. n. /adj. /  adv. /  v. + as / though +主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)，…… 盡管……,…….引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句

　　1).Child as he is, I already know what career I want to follow.

　　2). Try as he might, he couldn't solve the problem.

　　3). Much as I respect him, I can't agree with his idea.

　　8. whether….or….  無(wú)論是….還是….

　　1). Whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they planned.

　　2). Any person, whether young or old, has his own worth.

　　9. 疑問(wèn)詞+ever = no matter +疑問(wèn)詞, 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句或名詞性從句

　　1). Whichever(=No matter which) you like, you can take it away  .( 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　You can take away whichever(=any one that) you like    ( 名詞性從句)

　　2). Whenever you comes, you will be welcome. ( 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　3). Whatever happens, I will support you. ( 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　4). Whoever breaks the law, he will certainly be punished. ( 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　Whoever breaks the law will certainly be punished. ( 名詞性從句)

　　5). However great the difficulty is, we can overcome it. ( 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句)

　　10. if/ as long as/so long as/ providing that/ provided that/ supposing that/ on condition that  假如…..

　　1). I will lend you money on condition that you can return it within 3 months.

　　11. given that/ considering that 考慮到….., 鑒于……

　　1). Given her interest in children/ Given that she is interested in children, I'm sure teaching is the right career for her.

　　2). Considering his age and his experience, he has done well.

　　12. in case that/ in case of…..     萬(wàn)一….., 以防…..

　　1). In case of fire, please dial 119 at once.

　　2). In case that John comes/ John should come, tell him to wait.

　　13. 祈使句+ or/otherwise +結(jié)果句  或   祈使句+ and +結(jié)果句

　　1). Stop doing such foolish thing, or you will be punished in time.

　　2). More effort, and the problem would have been settled.

　　3). Think it over, and you will find the answer.

　　14. so/ such……..that…….引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)須注意

　　當(dāng)名詞前many, much, little, few有修飾時(shí), 用so不用such因?yàn)榇藭r(shí)的中心詞不再

　　是名詞，而是many, much, little, few這些表示數(shù)量的詞。

　　1). The westerners eat so much fat and sugar that they put on weight easily.

　　2). There are so few fish in the lake that we couldn't fish them easily.

　　當(dāng)名詞是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，前面又由adj.修飾時(shí)，注意冠詞的位置，即so+ adj +a(n)+n 或such+ a(n) + adj.+ n

　　1). He is such an honest person/ so honest a person that you can depend on him when you are in trouble.

　　當(dāng)so/such引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1). Such great progress has he made in his studies that we all admire him.

　　當(dāng)主從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)可與動(dòng)詞不定式相互轉(zhuǎn)換,即變成so/such…….as to do結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　1).The westerners eat so much fat and sugar as to put on weight easily.

　　15. so that 引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句

　　so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用（= in order that），當(dāng)主從句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換為so as to do/ in order to do.

　　1). He turned up the radio a little so that he could hear the news clearly.

　　He turned up the radio a little so as to hear the news clearly.

　　2). He closed all the windows while driving so that he shouldn't catch cold.(否定句中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用shouldn't)

　　so that 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句一般不與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞連用

　　1). He turned up the radio a little so that he heard the news clearly.

　　16.can never/ can't 與too, too much, enough, over- 搭配表示"無(wú)論怎樣….都不過(guò)分"

　　1). While you are doing your homework, you can't be careful enough.

　　2). He is such a great man that we can't praise him too much.

　　3). William Hartley was handsome, determined and hardworking, in a word, I couldn't speak too highly of him.

　　4). The development of society has made it necessary for us to have a good knowledge of English, so we can't overemphasize the importance of learning English.

　　5). Since it is a good thing, we can't do it too soon.

　　17. 不定式作主語(yǔ)，it作形勢(shì)主語(yǔ)：

　　It +系動(dòng)詞+adj./ n..+ for sb. to do  (for sb.表示動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)

　　It +系動(dòng)詞+adj.+ of sb. to do  （of sb.既表示動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者有表示人所具備的性質(zhì)或特征）

　　1). It's important for us to have a good knowledge of English.

　　2). How rude of him to treat a child like that!

　　3). It's thoughtful of him to fix us up for the night.

　　18. 不定式作賓語(yǔ)，it作形勢(shì)賓語(yǔ)：

　　主語(yǔ)+think/ consider/believe/ make/ feel+ it +adj./n. +for sb./ of sb. +to do

　　1). I feel it foolish of him to believe such a man.

　　2). The timely rain had made it possible for the crops to grow well.

　　19. won't/ can't have sb. doing/ done 不能容忍某行為發(fā)生

　　1). You are too rude, and I won't have you speaking to Mother like that again.

　　2). We can't have anything done against the school rules.

　　20. It is said/ thought/ hoped/ believed…..that……

　　Sb. is said/ thought/ hoped/ believed to do…..

　　1). It is said that he is studying abroad.--> He is said to be studying abroad.

　　2).It is considered that many countries highly value China's role in helping world's peace.

　　Many countries is considered to highly value China's role in helping world's peace.

　　21. 表示過(guò)去原打算干，卻未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算或意圖

　　had hoped to do=hoped to have done.。類似的詞還有：expect, think, intend, design, plan, mean, suppose等

　　would like/prefer/ love to have done

　　was/ wee to have done

　　was/were supposed to have done

　　1).--- Did you go to see the film "Titanic" last night?

　　---I'd like to have, but I had an unexpected guest.

　　2). The plane was to have take off at 7 this morning, but was held up by the heavy fog.

　　22. How did sb come to do…..? = How come that….為什么會(huì)…../……是怎么回事？表示要求對(duì)所發(fā)生的事情說(shuō)明理由或做出解釋

　　1). How did you come to find out where she's living?= How come that you found out….

　　你是怎么打聽到她住在哪兒的?

　　2). How come that you sat there ,doing nothing?為什么坐在那兒什么也不干?

　　3). How did he come to be so foolish?

　　23.It is (not ) like sb. to do…..     ….（.不）像某人的所作所為

　　1). It's like him to answer for what he has done.敢對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)，這是他的一貫作風(fēng)

　　2). It's not like him to have been so rude to his mother.

　　24. when it comes to…..    當(dāng)談到或涉及到……

　　1). He is a man of few words, but when it comes to playing computer, he will be excited and full of energy.

　　2). When it comes to helping his wife with the housework, John never complains.

　　25.every time/ each time/ next time/ the first time/ any time等短語(yǔ)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"每當(dāng)….., 每次…..,下次….."

　　1). Every time you meet with new words while reading, don't always refer to your dictionary.

　　When you meet with new words every time…..

　　2) Next time you come , do remember to bring your son here.

　　3) You are welcome to come back any time you want to.

　　26. There is (no) need to do…../ for ….- It is( not )necessary for sb. to do….

　　There is( no )hope/ chance / possibility of doing….

　　There is( no )difficulty/ trouble/ point/ delay( in )doing

　　1). Is there any chance of us/ our winning the match?

　　2). There is no point in discussing the problem again.

　　27.It is up to sb. to do sth.  應(yīng)由某人來(lái)做某事……..

　　1) ---When shall we start out?    ---It's up to you to decide.

　　2). It's up to you to babysit my so while I am away on business.

　　28.be up to sth.  忙于….., 從事……., 勝任…..

　　1). John isn't really up to that job. 約翰不適合干那項(xiàng)工作

　　2).What have you been up to recently? 最近你一直在忙些什么

　　29. It is time to do/ It is time that +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式    該是做…..的時(shí)候了

　　It is time that we ended the discussion.

　　30. it 強(qiáng)調(diào)句：

　　基本構(gòu)成形式：It is/ was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分

　　e.g.: I met him in the street yesterday afternoon.

　　It was I who/ that met him in the street yesterday afternoon.(強(qiáng)調(diào)是我，不是別人)

　　It was him who/ that I met in the street yesterday afternoon.( 強(qiáng)調(diào)我遇見的是他，不是別人)

　　It was in the street that I met him yesterday afternoon.( 強(qiáng)調(diào)是在大街上，不是在別的地方，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是地點(diǎn)，但不用where)

　　It was yesterday afternoon that I met him in the street (強(qiáng)調(diào)是昨天下午，不是在別的時(shí)候, 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是時(shí)間，但不用when)

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句的一般疑問(wèn)句：Is/ Was it +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ who/ that+原句剩余部分

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句的特殊疑問(wèn)句：What/ When/ Where/ Who/ How……is/ was it + who/ that+原

　　句剩余部分

　　1). Who was it that/ who you met in the street yesterday afternoon?

　　Tell me who it was that/ who you met in the street yesterday afternoon?

　　31.do, did, does 用于強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣

　　1). He is a good student.--> He does be a good student

　　2). He helped us yesterday.   He did help us yesterday.

　　3). Be careful!  Do be careful!

　　32.There be 句型：

　　there be 之后如有幾個(gè)并列主語(yǔ)，be 動(dòng)詞的選擇要取決于第一個(gè)主語(yǔ)，即就近原則。

　　1). There is a pen and two books on the desk.--> There are two books and a pen on the desk.

　　There be 句型中，be動(dòng)詞還有其他變化形式，常見的有：There seem to be,

　　There happen to be, There used to be, There is likely to be, There have been/has been 等

　　1). There seems/ appears to be much hope of our team winning the match.

　　2). There happened to be nobody in the room when I came in.

　　3). There have been great changes in my hometown since 1978.

　　4). There used to be a bus station at the corner of the street.

　　5). There are likely to be more difficulties than expected while we are carrying out the plan.

　　There be句型的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)：（有連詞，用句子，沒有連詞，用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)）

　　1). There being no buses, we had to walk home.

　　= Because there were no buses, we had to walk home.

　　2). There having been no rain for a long time, the crops in the field died.

　　= Because there had been no rain for a long time, the crops in the field died.

　　There be句型的非謂語(yǔ)形式：

　　1). I don't want there to be any misunderstanding between us.

　　2). We expect there to be a chance of studying abroad.

　　3). It is usual for there to be a generation gap between parents and children.