高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)典型陷阱題分析-虛擬語(yǔ)氣與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　典型高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題詳解-虛擬語(yǔ)氣

　　1. I forget where I read the article, or I _________ it to you now.

　　A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】正確答案選B。根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article（要是我沒(méi)忘記我在哪兒讀過(guò)這篇文章的話——但事實(shí)上忘了）。

　　2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _________.”

　　A. He’d better give up drinking                        B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much

　　C. Health is more important than drink              D. I wonder why he is always doing so

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選，主要是受句中 drunk 一詞的影響。

　　【分析】最佳答案為D。關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子既然用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也就是說(shuō)，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。

　　3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had so high a fever.”

　　A. do B. are C. will D. would

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A或C。選A者，認(rèn)為前后兩句的動(dòng)詞性質(zhì)應(yīng)一致；選C者，認(rèn)為其后帶有if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句，從語(yǔ)氣上看，主句應(yīng)用將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。

　　【分析】此題最佳答案為D。分析如下：

　　(1) “so + 助動(dòng)詞 + 主語(yǔ)”是一個(gè)很有用的結(jié)構(gòu)，它表示“……也一樣”時(shí)。如：

　　He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜歡看電視，我也一樣。

　　When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 當(dāng)動(dòng)植物消失的時(shí)候，人類(lèi)也會(huì)隨之消失。

　　(2) 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣（這是很重要的信息），所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D。

　　4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow.”

　　A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come

　　【陷阱】容易誤選A或B。根據(jù)上文的 He will come tomorrow 以及下文的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白處應(yīng)填一個(gè)一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。

　　【分析】但此題的最佳答案是 C。按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)��?lái)，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去。又如：

　　I’d rather you left right now. 我寧愿你現(xiàn)在就離開(kāi)。

　　I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿這事被遺忘掉。

　　I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我寧愿他沒(méi)告訴我這事。

　　請(qǐng)?jiān)僮鲆韵略囶}(答案均為B)：

　　(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you _________.”

　　A. won’t B. didn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

　　(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”

　　A. didn’t B. hadn’t C. don’t D. wouldn’t

　　(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”

　　A. won’t B. didn’t C. doesn’t D. wouldn’t

　　5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _________ badly wounded and that he _________ at once.

　　A. should be; be operated on                                B. were; must be operated on

　　C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】最佳答案選 D。insist后的從句謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)不用，具體要看該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的含義。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，若該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；若該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選D最合適。請(qǐng)做以下類(lèi)似試題（答案選B）：

　　(1) The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.

　　A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent   B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent

　　C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent  D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent

　　(2) The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.

　　A. should do, should be  B. had done, should be

　　C. had done, had been  D. should do, had been

　　(3) I advised that he _________ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _________ quite well then.

　　A. was sent; felt B. be sent; was feeling

　　C. he sent; feel  D. should be sent; should feel

　　6. _________ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.

　　A. Was he given up B. Had he given up

　　C. Did he give   D. If he gave up

　　【陷阱】容易誤選 D。

　　【分析】正確答案應(yīng)選B。之所以不能選D，是因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語(yǔ)是would not have got，這表明是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)作出的假設(shè)，所以從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是 had given up，而不是像D項(xiàng)那樣用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。另外，當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時(shí)，通常可以省略 if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：

　　Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他們停止做廣告，價(jià)錢(qián)會(huì)降下來(lái)。

　　Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我會(huì)把那場(chǎng)面拍攝下來(lái)了。

　　典型高考英語(yǔ)陷阱題詳解-情態(tài)動(dòng)詞

　　1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _________ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”

　　A. shall B. will C. would D. can

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】最佳答案選A。shall 用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要有以下兩個(gè)用法：

　　(1) 用于疑問(wèn)句中征求意見(jiàn)。如：

　　Shall I help you? 要不要我?guī)蛶湍?

　　Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打開(kāi)嗎？

　　(2) 用于陳述句中表示允諾、告誡、警告、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等(可用于各類(lèi)人稱(chēng))。如：

　　You shall suffer for this. 你會(huì)為此事吃苦頭的。(表威脅)

　　Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個(gè)參賽者要戴一個(gè)號(hào)碼。(表規(guī)定)

　　You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一來(lái)就可聽(tīng)到所有情況了。(表允諾)

　　請(qǐng)做以下試題(答案均選 shall)：

　　(1) “I promise that she _________ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”

　　A. should B. must C. would D. shall

　　2. You _________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.

　　A. cannot B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】最佳答案選A。cannot…too…是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)十分有用的表達(dá)，意為“不可能太……，無(wú)論怎樣……也不算過(guò)分，越……越……”。如：

　　You can’t be too careful. 你越仔細(xì)越好。

　　You can’t praise the too much. 這本書(shū)值得大加贊揚(yáng)。

　　We cannot work too much for the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣褡龉ぷ魇遣豢赡茏鲞^(guò)頭的。

　　A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人買(mǎi)的衣服再多也不算多。

　　注：有時(shí)也可用 can never, impossible 等與too連用來(lái)表示類(lèi)似意思。如：

　　It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那兒越早越好。

　　3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _________ not. He likes driving his car.”

　　A. must B. can C. need D. may

　　【陷阱】可能誤選B或C。

　　【分析】最佳答案為D。may 表推測(cè)，may not 意為“可能不(會(huì)坐火車(chē)來(lái))”。句中的 He should 為 He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折連詞 but，說(shuō)明語(yǔ)意有變化，再結(jié)合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可決定此題選D。注意，不能選B，因?yàn)閏an表示推測(cè)時(shí)通常不用肯定陳述句。

　　4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It _________ true because there was little snow there.”

　　A. may not be B. won’t be C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】此題最佳答案為C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 這一語(yǔ)境所決定，既然“沒(méi)下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就應(yīng)是“不可能”，所以選 couldn’t be，即選C。

　　5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _________ so once, but I don’t now.”

　　A. may have thought B. can have thought C. may think D. might think

　　答案選A。從答話人的語(yǔ)境可知，空格處的意思“曾經(jīng)這樣想過(guò)”，即對(duì)過(guò)去情況作推測(cè)，故應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式”；又因?yàn)?can 表推測(cè)不用于肯定句，故選A。請(qǐng)看類(lèi)例：

　　Their answers are exactly the same — one of them _________ from the other.

　　A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied

　　答案選B，既然兩人的答案完全一樣，說(shuō)明“抄襲”已經(jīng)發(fā)生，故用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成式”，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)選B而不能選D。

　　6. You _________ be right, but I don’t think you are.

　　A. can      B. could       C. must       D. should

　　【陷阱】幾個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)均有可能誤選。

　　【分析】從語(yǔ)境上看，C、D不宜選，在剩下的A和B中，許多同學(xué)想當(dāng)然地選了A，認(rèn)為整個(gè)句子為現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，所以選can，而不選過(guò)去式 could，但是最佳答案卻是B而不是A。按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can 用于推測(cè)表示可能性時(shí)，通常只用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推測(cè)時(shí)，卻不僅可用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，也可用于肯定句，且此時(shí)的 could 并不是 can 的過(guò)去式，與 can 也沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別，只是 could 比 can語(yǔ)氣更委婉，所以答案選B。注：can 在以下特殊情況下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即從理論上或邏輯上分析是可能的，但是實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)＋形容詞”，表示“有時(shí)會(huì)”、“時(shí)常會(huì)”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父親有時(shí)候很不講道理。