詳解高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(01)

　　閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　A

　　“The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,” says Plato. Self-control is at the root of all the advantages. Let a man give in to his impulses(沖動(dòng)) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral(道德) freedom.

　　A single angry word has lost many friends. When Socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. If you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease. “Whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad.” “Keep cool,” says Webster, “anger is not argument.” “Be calm in arguing,” says George Herbert, “for fierceness(狂怒) makes error a fault.”

　　To be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. “Anger,” says Pythagoras, “brings with folly and ends with regret.” You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.

　　Self-control is man’s last and greatest victory.

　　If a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. Without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. If he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also.

　　1. What’s the main idea of the passage?

　　A. The importance of self- control.

　　B. How to conquer oneself?

　　C. The relation between a man’s moral freedom and his feelings.

　　D. A man should keep cool.

　　2. What’s the meaning of “whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad”?

　　A. If you are mad, the gods will kill you.

　　B. If you lose your temper first, gods will kill you first.

　　C. If you can’t control yourself, you will be crazy.

　　D. If the gods want to kill you, they will make you mad first.

　　3. Which of the following is NOT true, according to passage?

　　A. The first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself.

　　B. You will make a small mistake serious if you don’t keep cool.

　　C. You must measure a man’s strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.

　　D. Anger brings with folly and ends with regret.

　　4. Which of the following can’t help you avoid anger, according to the passage?

　　A. Be calm in arguing.

　　B. Check your temper or anger by speaking low.

　　C. Keep your mouth shut.

　　D. Try to make the other angry first.

　　B

　　Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can’t be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering(干涉) with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.

　　Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance(機(jī)械維修，保養(yǎng)) as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You can’t ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there’s life, there’s hope.

　　When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.

　　5. What does the passage mainly tell us?

　　A. The values are different between the old and the young.

　　B. The moral problems raised by old people.

　　C. The personal freedom for the old.

　　D. Old people’s viewpoint on life.

　　6. We can know from the first paragraph that___.

　　A. Very old people would like to live alone to have more personal freedom.

　　B. Very old people are able to keep their room clean.

　　C. Very old people like to live with their children.

　　D. Social services have nothing to do with very old people.

　　7. according to the author, which of the following is right?

　　A. The older a person, the more care he needs.

　　B. Too much emphasis has been put on old people’s values.

　　C. The human body can’t be compared to a car.

　　D. It is easy to provide spare parts for old people.

　　8.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “__________”.

　　A. their money or their health

　　B. the conclusion you come to

　　C. your talk to the old people

　　D. whether age is happy or unpleasant

　　C

　　Together. 35 years.

　　Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater

　　They make you sway. With a dance form all their own. Originating as an intimate, innovative dance company, it has evolved into an international force. Taking the spirit of African—American culture and translating it into dance and community programs for more than 35 years. A heritage of bringing together a repertoire of Ailey classics and great dance masterpieces along with exciting new works by emerging artists. Modern Vibrant. Athletic. Colorful. Involving. Because it is dance in step with the people. Part of the neighborhood, their pulse beats—beats—beats of life. Lifting spirits. Able to leap tall buildings in a single bound. Pirouetting the globe. Soaring, moving as one, moving dance into the future. Join Philip Morris in its 12th year of supporting Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater. And celebrate the achievement of the Ailey past as they boldly step forward.

　　9. What does the advertisement ask people to do?

　　A. To see a play.                  B. To watch a match.

　　C. To ball there.                   D. To see Philip Morris.

　　10. How is the company?

　　A. Modern and involving.      B. Intimate and innovative.

　　C. Athletic and colorful.        D. Vibrant and innovative.

　　11. What does Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater hold this activity for?

　　A. To develop the spirit of African—American culture.

　　B. To leap tall buildings in a single bound.

　　C. To pirouette the globe.

　　D. To celebrate the achievement of the Ailey past.

　　D

　　Today, ultrasonic(超聲的) waves are being put to work in laboratories and factories. If an ultrasound generator is placed in a liquid, the waves move the liquid back and forth hundreds of thousands of times each second. This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解) in liquids. Paint manufacturers(制造商) use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors. The companies that make film for your camera find that mixing chemicals by the use of sound waves will produce a more sensitive film.

　　The new lightweight(輕量的) type of washing machine uses ultrasonic waves to get clothes clean. Its special ultrasound generator is put into a pail of soapy water containing the soiled clothes. The sound waves drive the soapy water back and forth through the cloth so fast that everything is soon clean. There is also a new kind of dishwasher that works in much the same way.

　　Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it. The liquid is actually torn apart by this action. Almost as soon as these holes are made, they fall together again. The result is a powerful pounding action. In the dairy industry this is used for the double purpose of making homogenized(使均勻，使勻質(zhì)) milk and sterilizing(使無(wú)菌) it at the same time. If you look at some raw milk with a microscope, you find that it is made up of little drops of butter fat floating around in a watery liquid. In order to make milk easier to digest, these fat droplets(微粒) may be broken up by forcing the milk through very small openings. The result is called homogenized milk. When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces.

　　12. Why does a paint manufacturer use ultrasound to do a better job of blending colors?

　　A. Because it is cheap to use ultrasound to blend colors.

　　B. Because the waves move the liquid so quickly that it can make materials mix quickly or dissolve in liquids.

　　C. Because they can mix chemicals by the use of sound waves.

　　D. Because the waves can clean the paint.

　　13. What properties does ultrasound wave have?

　　A. Homogenizes and sterilizes the milk.

　　B. Mix materials and break droplets.

　　C. Kill germs and sterilize milk.

　　D. Move liquids quickly.

　　14. What exists in the raw milk?

　　A. Little drops of butter fat.            B. Small holes.

　　C. Fat droplets and germs.             D. Chemicals.

　　15. Where is ultrasound wave not used?

　　A. In the paint manufacture.          B. In the shop mixing bread flour.

　　C. In the film-making company.     D. In the dairy industry.

　　E

　　A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an appointment.

　　The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset as well as others’. The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows that he can not get through huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has to be attended to.

　　Failure to be punctual in keeping one’s appointments is a sign of disrespect towards others. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. Usually this will be regarded as a great disrespect to the host and all other guests present.

　　Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to doing one’s duty, whether public or private. Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men.

　　16. What is an unpunctual person like?

　　A. He always does a thing when it should be done.

　　B. He is always very busy.

　　C. He always does a thing at the wrong time.

　　D. He always keeps the appointments.

　　17. Why is unpunctuality very harmful?

　　A. Because it makes a man lose many chances of doing important affairs.

　　B. Because it makes a man lose friends.

　　C. Because it makes a man work quickly.

　　D. Because it makes a man be more respected by others.

　　18. according to the passage, which is right?

　　A. The punctual person has no much work to do.

　　B. The unpunctual person is very rich.

　　C. The unpunctual person is often respected by his friends.

　　D. The unpunctual person loses what can’t be regained again.

　　19. according to the passage, what are good manners when you are invited to a party?

　　A. Arriving at the appointed time.

　　B. Arriving before all other guests.

　　C. Arriving after all other guests.

　　D. Keeping all other guests waiting.

　　20. Why is a person always unpunctual?

　　A. He is too busy.

　　B. He has too much work to do.

　　C. He does care much about time.

　　D. He doesn’t manage his time properly.

　　【答案與解析】

　　1. A 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第 1 段的第 2 句 Self-control is at the root of all the advantages 及全文的內(nèi)容可知，本文的大意是“自控的重要性”。故答案選 A。

　　2. D 語(yǔ)義理解題。根據(jù)上文 you can hold back rising anger. Many a person has dropped dead in great anger. Fits of anger bring fits of disease 可知答案選 D。

　　3. C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第 3 段的最后一句 You must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him 可知，選項(xiàng) C 與之矛盾。故答案選 C。

　　4. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第 2 段的第 2 句和第 3 句以及最后一句可以排除選項(xiàng) A、B、C，從而得出答案為 D。

　　5.B 主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第 1 句 Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them 及全文內(nèi)容可知，答案選 B。

　　6. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第 1 段最后幾句 Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old 可知，答案選 A。

　　7. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第 2 段第 2 句 The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older 可知，答案選 A。

　　8. D 詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句 you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun 可知，答案選 D。

　　9. C 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第 2 句 Join Philip Morris in its 12th  year of supporting Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater 可知答案選 C。

　　10. B 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第 3 段第 2 句 Originating as an intimate, innovative dance company 可知答案選 B。

　　11. D 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一句 And celebrate the achievement of the Ailey past as they boldly step forward 可知，答案選 D。

　　12. B 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)其上句 This causes materials to mix quickly or to dissolve(使分解，使溶解) in liquids 可知，答案選 B。

　　13. D 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第 1 句 Ultrasonic waves can shake a liquid so fast that tiny holes form all through it可知，答案選 D。

　　14. C 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容，特別是最后一句 When the ultrasonic method is used, the sound waves not only break up the droplets but also kill the germs in the milk by pounding them to pieces 可知，答案選 C。

　　15. B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第 1 段最后提到的 Paint manufacturers(制造商)…以及The companies that make film… 兩句排除選項(xiàng) A、C，根據(jù)第 3 段第 5 句的 In the dairy industry this is used for… 排除選項(xiàng) D，從而得出答案是 B。

　　16. C 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第 2 段第 1 句 The unpunctual man, on the other hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time 可知，答案選 C。

　　17. B 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句 A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow men 可知，答案選B。

　　18. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第 2 段第 3 句 A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained time is more valuable than material things 可知，答案選 D。

　　19. A 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第 2 段可知，答案選 A。

　　20. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第 2 段中間的一句 The unpunctual man is for ever wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset as well as others’ 及下文內(nèi)容可知，答案選 D。