高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解模擬訓(xùn)練

　　A

　　The impression you make at the beginning of an interview is very important. Employers often decide to hire someone in the first three minutes of the interview. They judge you by your appearance, attitude (態(tài)度) and manners.

　　A friendly smile when you walk into the room is important. A smile shows a confident (自信的) and positive attitude.

　　When you introduce yourself, make eyes contact with the interviewer. Some interviewers offer a hand-shake. Others don’t.

　　Try to be as natural as possible. But pay attention to your body language. The way you sit, walk, gesture, use your voice and show feeling on your face are all parts of your body language. It makes the interviewer know how you feel about yourself and the situation you are in. Are you feeling positive about yourself? Your abilities? Your interest in the job?

　　Speak clearly and loudly enough. Show interest and enthusiasm in your voice. When you speak, look at the interviewer. Also don’t say negative things about yourself, or former employers.

　　Listen to questions carefully. If you don’t understand a question, ask the interviewer to repeat or explain.

　　"I’m sorry, but I didn’t catch that."

　　"I’m not sure exactly what you mean."

　　Almost everyone is nervous in a job interview. Interviewers know that. They don’t expect you to be totally calm and relaxed. But they expect you to try to control your nervousness. They expect you to show confidence in your ability to do the job.

　　At the end of the interview, thank the interviewer for her or him. It’s a good idea to send a short thank-you letter right after the interview, or deliver it by hand.

　　Phone the company if you have not heard anything after one week. Ask if they have make a decision about the job.

　　1. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.

　　A. you should always put on a smile when meeting the employer

　　B. you should stand still with respect before the employer

　　C. the first impression is very important in an interview

　　D. employers understand and like employees’ nervousness

　　2. Why should we pay attention to our body language?

　　A. Because it can help us win the employer’s positive impression.

　　B. Because it can help us feel about the employer.

　　C. Because it is needed by our employer.

　　D. Because we need it to improve our feeling.

　　3. The main purpose of the passage is ________.

　　A. to give you some advice on the art of finding a job

　　B. to tell from wrong about job interviews

　　C. to explain why we should do something about an interview

　　D. to suggest not being shy in an interview

　　4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　A. A Friendly Smile                         B. Making a Good Impression

　　C. Don’t Be Nervous                     D. Sending a Thank-You Letter

　　B

　　In a time of low academic (學(xué)術(shù)的) achievement by children in the United States, many Americans are turning to Japan, a country of high academic achievement and economic success, for possible answers. however, the answers provided by Japanese preschools are not the ones Americans expected to find. In most Japanese preschools, surprisingly little emphasis is put on academic instruction. In one investigation, 300 Japanese and 210 American preschool teachers, child development specialists, and parents were asked about various aspects of early childhood education. Only 2 percent of the Japanese respondents (答問(wèn)卷者) listed "to give children a good start academically" as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. In contrast, over half the American respondents chose this as one of their top three choices. To prepare children for successful careers in first grade and beyond, Japanese schools do not teach reading, writing, and mathematics, but rather skills such as persistence, concentration, and the ability to function as a member of a group. The majority of young Japanese children are taught to read at home by their parents.

　　In the recent comparison of Japanese and American pre-school education, 91 percent of Japanese respondents chose providing children with a group experience as one of their top three reasons for a society to have preschools. 62 percent of the more individually oriented (強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)性發(fā)展的) Americans listed group experience as one of their top three choices. An em-phasis on the importance of the group seen in Japanese early childhood education continues into elementary school education.

　　Like in America, there is diversity (多樣性) in Japanese early childhood education. Some Japanese kindergartens have specific aims, such as early musical training or potential (潛力) development. In large cities, some kindergartens are attached to universities that have elementary and secondary schools.

　　Some Japanese parents believe that if their young children attend a university-based program, it will increase the children’s chances of eventually being admitted to top-rated schools and universities. Several more progressive programs have introduced free play as a way out for the heavy intellectualizing in some Japanese kindergartens.

　　5. We learn from the first paragraph that many Americans believe ________.

　　A. Japanese parents pay more attention to preschool education than American parents

　　B. Japan’s economic success is a result of its scientific achievements

　　C. Japanese preschool education emphasizes academic in-struction

　　D. Japan’s higher education is better than theirs

　　6. Most American respondents believe that preschools should also attach

　　importance to ________.

　　A. problem solving                             B. group experience

　　C. parental guidance                           D. individually oriented development

　　7. In Japan’s preschool education, the focus is on ________.

　　A. preparing children academically       B. developing children’s artistic interests

　　C. tapping children’s potential            D. shaping children’s character

　　8. Why do some Japanese parents send their children to university-based kindergartens?

　　A. They can do better in their future studies.

　　B. They can gain more group experience there.

　　C. They can be individually oriented when they grow up.

　　D. They can have better chances of getting a first-rate edu-cation.

　　C

　　Brazil has become one. of the developing world’s great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint ef-forts to reduce birth rates, Brazil had better results without re-ally trying, says George Martine at Harvard.

　　Brazil’s population growth rate dropped from 2. 99% a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1. 93% a year between 198 land 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2. 7 chil-dren on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.

　　Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas (肥皂劇) and installment (分期付款) plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played an important, although indirect, role in low-ering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world’s biggest produc-ers of soap operas. Globo, Brazil’s most popular television net-work, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities.

　　Although they have never really tried to work in a mes-sage towards the problems of reproduction, they describe mid-dle and upper class values: not many children, women work-ing, says Martine. They sent this image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious (有意識(shí)的) of other patterns of behaviour and other values, which were put into a very attrac-tive package.

　　Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. " This led to an enormous change in consumption (消費(fèi)) patterns and consumption was incom-patible (不相容的) with unlimited reproduction," says Mar-tine.

　　9. according to the passage, Brazil has lowered its population growth ________.

　　A. by educating its citizens                       B. by careful family planning

　　C. by developing TV programmes              D. by chance

　　10. according to the passage, many Third World countries

　　A. haven’t given much attention to birth control

　　B. would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rate

　　C. haven’t yet found an effective measure to control their population

　　D. haven’t realized the importance of TV plays in family planning

　　11. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil’s birth rate be-cause ________.

　　A. they keep people sitting long hours watching TV

　　B. they have gradually changed people’s way of life

　　C. people are drawn to their attractive package

　　D. they popularize birth control measures

　　12. What is Martine’s conclusion about Brazil’s population growth?

　　A. The increase in birth rate will increase consumption.

　　B. The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.

　　C. Consumption goes with reproduction.

　　D. A country ‘s production is limited by its population growth.

　　D

　　As a human being you may have the choice of three basic attitudes towards life. You may treat life with the philosophy (哲學(xué)) of the vegetable, in which case your life will include being born, eating, drinking, sleeping, marrying, growing old and dying.

　　The second basic attitude is to look at life as if it were a business. A great many so-called successful men and women believe that life is a business. If you believe so, your first question of life, naturally, is " What do I get out of it? " " How much is this worth to me?" In a word, based on this attitude, happi-ness becomes a matter of successful competition. The great ma-jority of human beings today look at life as if it were a busi-ness.

　　The third attitude toward life is the way of the artist. Here the basic philosophy is "What can I put into it?". They value cooperation and contribution. This point of view has been proved by history; for history remembers best those who have contributed most richly to the interests of their fellow-men. The more we investigate(調(diào)查),the more we become certain that the artistic attitude is the only one which goes with human happiness.

　　13. From the passage we know people who take the second life attitude ________.

　　A. are mostly businessmen

　　B. think of getting the interests (利益) first

　　C. find their happiness from hard work

　　D. take competition as their whole life

　　14. People who are best remembered by history are probably

　　A. those living on vegetables             B. successful men

　　C. artists                                        D. businessmen

　　15. We may infer from this passage that ________.

　　A. some people are living only on vegetables

　　B. the artistic attitude is accepted by most people

　　C. the writer prefers the third life attitude

　　D. artists do most for the society in order to be remembered longer than others

　　E

　　The question of what children learn, and how they should learn, is continually being debated and redebated. Nobody dares any longer to defend the old system, the learning of lessons parrot-fashion, the grammar-with-a-whip system, which was good enough for our grandparents. The theories of modem psychology have stepped in to argue that we must understand the need of children. Children are not just small adults; they are children who must be respected as much.

　　Well, you may say, this is as it should be, a good idea. But think further. What happens? "Education" becomes the responsibility not of teachers, but of psychologists (心里學(xué)家). What happens then? Teachers worry too much about the psychological implications (暗示) of their lessons, and forget about the subjects themselves. If a child dislikes a lesson, the teacher feels that it is his fault, not the child’s. So teachers worry whether history is "relevant" to modern young children. And do they dare to recount stories about violence? Or will this make the children themselves violent? Can they tell their classes about children of different races, or will this encourage racial hatred? Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better. Sums? Arithmetic? No: Real-life mathematical situations are more understandable.

　　You see, you can go too far. Influenced by educational theorists, who have nothing better to do than to write books about their ideas, teachers leave their teacher-training colleges filled with grand, psychological ideas about children and their needs. They make elaborate, sophisticated (精致的，復(fù)雜的) preparations and try out their "modem methods" on the long-suffering children. Since one "modem method" rapidly replaces another the poor kids will have had a good bellyful by the time they leave school. Frequently the modem methods are so sophisticated that they fail to be understood by the teachers, let alone the children; even more often, the relaxed discipline so essential for the " informal" feelings the class must have, prevents all but a handful of children from learning anything.

　　16. People do not dare defend the old system mainly because under the old system________.

　　A. too much grammar was taught to children

　　B. children were spoiled (寵壞)

　　C. children were treated as grown-ups

　　D. children were made to learn passively(被動(dòng)的)

　　17. What view do the modem psychologists hold?

　　A. Children must be understood and respected.

　　B. Children are small adults and know what they need.

　　C. Children are better off without learning lessons.

　　D. Education of children is the responsibility of psychologists.

　　18. What happens when teachers pay too much attention to the psychology of their lessons?

　　A. They find that the children dislike the lessons.

　　B. They tend to blame students for their failure.

　　C. They do not pay enough attention to the actual lessons.

　　D. They no longer want to teach children history.

　　19. Grammatical sentences are regarded as unimportant because ________.

　　A. it is better to use verbs only

　　B. words are said out of natural feelings only

　　C. talking freely and naturally without sentences is a better form of expression

　　D. it is felt that formal grammar rules might cause unnatural expressions

　　20. according to the passage, the modern methods are understood by ________.

　　A. neither teachers nor pupils

　　B. only a handful of teachers and pupils

　　C. the more sophisticated teachers

　　D. everyone who enjoys the relaxed discipline of the informal classes

　　【答案與解析】

　　(A)本文闡述如何在參加面試的前幾分鐘時(shí)間里給人留下深刻的印象。

　　1. C 推斷題。據(jù)文章的第一、二句可知。

　　2. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。據(jù)第四段最后3句可知。

　　3. A 推斷題。由第一段可知：本文意在教會(huì)讀者如何參加面試。

　　4. B 主旨題。由第一段可知：本文強(qiáng)調(diào)面試時(shí)第一印象很重要。

　　(B)本文介紹了日本的早期教育并非在強(qiáng)化他們的學(xué)術(shù)意識(shí)，而是培養(yǎng)他們的堅(jiān)持、集中、扮演群體中的角色能力等。

　　5. C 推斷題。從第一段的第一、二句我們可以看出因?yàn)槊绹?guó)孩子的學(xué)術(shù)成就緩慢，很多美國(guó)家長(zhǎng)到日本取經(jīng)，然而他們看到的不是他們所預(yù)料的，由此我們知道，很多美國(guó)人認(rèn)為日本非常重視孩子的學(xué)術(shù)教育。

　　6. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。從第二段我們知道，62％的美國(guó)人把group experience作為他們的三個(gè)最重要的選擇之一。

　　7. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。從第一段的To prepare children for successful careers…and the ability to function as a member of a group可知。

　　8. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。從最后—段的第一句可知。

　　(C)本文講述的是當(dāng)前世界的熱門話題——人口問(wèn)題。

　　9. D 細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段第一句... more by accident than design可知。

　　10. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。由倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句我們可知。

　　11. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。由倒數(shù)第二段的they describe middle and upper class values：not many children，women working可知：這些肥皂劇使得人們改變了生活觀念，也紛紛效仿上流社會(huì)的人們，少生孩子，婦女參加工作。

　　12. B 細(xì)節(jié)題。Marine給比利時(shí)的人口增長(zhǎng)的緩慢總結(jié)了兩條：肥皂劇與分期付款計(jì)劃。分期付款計(jì)劃就是指人們的消費(fèi)欲望。

　　(D)本文闡述了三種不同的人生態(tài)度。

　　13. B 推斷題。第二種人生態(tài)度是把生活看作一種生意，當(dāng)然是利益最重要了。

　　14. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。從最后一段第四句可知。

　　15. C 推斷題。從文章的最后一句可推知

　　(E)本文講述了新體制下的教育理念。第一段提出新的教育理念；第二段講述過(guò)分重視心理暗示、忽略課文本身帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題；第三段講述復(fù)雜化的現(xiàn)代方法帶來(lái)的弊端。

　　16. D 推斷題。由第一段第二句“鸚鵡學(xué)舌般地課文學(xué)習(xí)、附帶鞭子的語(yǔ)法教學(xué)”可知，這種學(xué)習(xí)孩子非常被動(dòng)。

　　17. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。由第一段最后一句可知：我們必須懂得孩子們的需要，還要尊重孩子們。

　　18. C 細(xì)節(jié)題。由第二段中“教師過(guò)多擔(dān)心功課的心理暗示，忽略了功課本身”可知。

　　19. B 推斷題。由第二段中Why teach children to write grammatical sentences? Verbal expression is better可推斷出。

　　20. A 細(xì)節(jié)題。由最后一段中Frequently the modem methods…fail to be understood by the teachers，let alone the children可知。