高考語法終極解析(七)——過去完成進行時與將來完成時
來源:gaokao.com 原創(chuàng) 2009-05-07 17:45:00
學(xué)而思教師 呂騰飛
過去完成進行時與將來完成時
難點形成原因:
1.不清楚用法。
2.未注意與它搭配的時間狀語。
解決辦法:
1.徹底理解過去完成進行時與將來完成時基本用法。
2.注意與它搭配的時間狀語。
用法講解:
一、 過去完成進行時
。ㄒ唬(gòu)成:過去完成進行時是由"had been +現(xiàn)在分詞"構(gòu)成。
She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam. 她在考試之前一直患重感
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他們期待這個消息有一段時間了吧?
。ǘ┯梅:
1. 表示過去某一時間之前一直進行的動作。
過去完成進行時表示動作在過去某一時間之前開始,一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間。和過去完成時一樣,過去完成進行時也必須以一過去時間為前提。過去完成進行時也是一個相對的時態(tài), 上下文中須有明示或暗示的作為參照的過去的時間。
I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 這東西我找了好多天才找著。
They had only been waiting for the bus a few minutes when it came. 他們只等了幾分鐘車就來了。
2. 表示反復(fù)的動作。
He had been mentioning your name to me. 他過去多次向我提到過你的名字。
3. 過去完成進行時還常用于間接引語中。
The doctor asked what he had been eating. 醫(yī)生問他吃了什么。
I asked where they had been staying all those days. 我問他們那些天呆在哪兒。
4. 過去完成進行時之后也可接具有"突然"之意的when分句。
I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我剛看了幾分鐘他就進來了。
She'd only been reviewing her lessons for a short while when her little sister interrupted her.
她溫習(xí)功課才一會兒,她妹妹就打斷她了。
。ㄈ┻^去完成進行時和過去完成時的比較:
She had cleaned the office, so it was very tidy.
她已經(jīng)打掃過辦公室了,所以很整潔。 (強調(diào)結(jié)果)
She had been cleaning the office, so we had to wait outside.
她一直在打掃辦公室,所以我們不得不在外面等著。 (強調(diào)動作一直在進行)
二、將來完成時
。ㄒ唬(gòu)成:will/shall have +過去分詞
We hope it will have stopped raining before we set off for the picnic.
我們希望在出發(fā)去野餐以前雨就已經(jīng)停了。
I'll have done all the work by the time you are back this evening.
你們今晚回來的時候我就將做完所有的工作了。
(二)用法:
1. 表示在將來某一時刻將完成或在另一個未來的動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。
注意:常與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有:
、 by (the time / the end of ) + 表示將來時間的短語和句子;
、 before (the end of ) + 表示將來時間的詞語或句子;
、 when, after等加上表示將來動作的句子等。 例如:
By the year 2050, scientists probably will have discovered a cure for cancer.
到2050年,科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)找到治愈癌癥的方法了。
By the time you arrive in London, we will have been staying in Europe for two weeks.
等你到達倫敦的時候,我們將已經(jīng)在歐洲呆了兩星期了。
2. 在時間從句和條件從句中,現(xiàn)在完成時可以代替將來完成時,表示將來某時業(yè)已完成的動作。例如:
You'll get to like the subject after you have studied it for some time.
在學(xué)習(xí)這個學(xué)科一段時間之后,你就會喜歡它的。
I'll go and see the exhibition as soon as I have finished my work.
我一做完作業(yè)就去看展覽。
3. 將來完成時還可以表示"可能性",或"設(shè)想"。例如:
It's five o'clock;they will have arrived home by now.
已經(jīng)五點鐘了,他們現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該已經(jīng)到家了。
(三)將來完成時與一般將來時的比較:
有具體的時間狀語要用一般將來時。如:
Mr Smith will return home on the first Sunday next month. 史密斯先生將于下月的第一個星期日回家。
將來完成時的時間狀語一般用介詞by引入,如:
Mr Smith will have returned home by next month. 到下個月史密斯先生將已回到家了。
典例精析:
1. They ________ on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we ________ it as no good results have come out so far. (2005 江蘇)
A. had been working; are still working B. had worked; were still working
C. have been working; have worked D. have worked; are still working
答案:A。
解析:不難看出第一空的動作發(fā)生在I joined them以前,且持續(xù)了一個周,應(yīng)該用過去完成進行時;and now說明下面的動作仍在進行之中,應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進行時。故選A。
2. Father ______ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn't see him. (2005 福建)
A. has left B. left C. was leaving D. had left
答案:D。
解析:由"I didn't see him"可知父親在我回來以前已經(jīng)離開,動作發(fā)生在過去某個動作以前,故選用過去完成時。答案D。
3. The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ______ placed under the Minister's car. (2005 廣東)
A. has been B. had been C. was being D. would be
答案:B。
相關(guān)文章:
高考語法通關(guān)秘籍:名師解析英語語法復(fù)習(xí)方法
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