高三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題—定語(yǔ)從句

一、考點(diǎn)聚焦

1、功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞，修飾名詞或代詞，在句中作定語(yǔ)

2、位置：定語(yǔ)從句置于被修飾詞之后

Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.

3、先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞稱(chēng)為先行詞

（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱(chēng)代詞也同樣可作先行詞。

（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn)：

①先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由先行詞而定。

This is the place which is worth visiting.

②關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是先行詞的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。

There are many places we can visit（them）in China.

4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的都稱(chēng)關(guān)系詞

關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。

關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。

5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟

（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。

（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧?/p>

6、在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which

（1）先行詞被①形容詞最高級(jí) ②序數(shù)詞 ③數(shù)詞幾種詞修飾或被 ④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。

（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。

（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。

He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.

（4）先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)。

The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問(wèn)詞which時(shí)。

Which are the books that you bought for me ?

7、宜用which而不用that的情況

（1）在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中

（2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)

（3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí)

（4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)

8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞

（1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。

（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。

（3）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。

Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

（4）whom在從句中只作賓語(yǔ)，可被who取代。

9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指人又指物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如：

Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ?

There is a room, whose window faces the river.

There is a room, the window of which faces the river.

10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。

（1）先行詞被such和the same修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。

Such books as you bought are useful.

The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.

注意：區(qū)別①such … that … 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。They are such

lovely children that we love them much.②the same … that … 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now.

（2）無(wú)先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。

區(qū)別：①意義上：as 含有“這點(diǎn)正如……一樣”。②位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。

He didn’t pass the exam, as we had expected.

There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.

As is known, the earth is round, not flat.

11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、that

when 指時(shí)間 = in / at / on / during which

where指地點(diǎn) = in / at / from / which

why指原因 = for which

當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí)，可用that作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場(chǎng)合）

I don’t like the way that / in which / he talks.

當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。

This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.

12、必須注意的問(wèn)題

（1）關(guān)系詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)。

（2）注意區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。

①定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。

②強(qiáng)調(diào)it無(wú)意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。

③強(qiáng)調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。

It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語(yǔ)從句)

It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）

（3）定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。

①定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱(chēng)為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。有時(shí)可省略。

②同位語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。

Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語(yǔ))

We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語(yǔ))

（4）關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。

①關(guān)系詞作賓語(yǔ)，前無(wú)介詞時(shí)。

②關(guān)系詞作表語(yǔ)。

（5）限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯。

（6）關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。

（7）幾個(gè)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句句型：

①He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks

in the match.（句中one為先行詞）

He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中students為先行詞）

②Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?

Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ?

③He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.

④It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.

二、精典名題導(dǎo)解

選擇填空

1. The film brought the hours back to me _________ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）

A.until B.that C.when D.where

解析：答案為C。本題考查分隔定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞的選擇。作好本題的關(guān)鍵是要能辨認(rèn)出該定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞the hours和關(guān)系詞被介詞短語(yǔ)to me所分隔。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表時(shí)間的名詞hours, 并且關(guān)系詞在從句中用作狀語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)選擇表示時(shí)間的關(guān)系副詞when。

2. ___________ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)

A.It B.As C.That D.What

解析：答案為B。本題考查as引導(dǎo)的非限制定語(yǔ)從句。as作“正如……”解時(shí)，引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子。當(dāng)as在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用于下列短語(yǔ)：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的用法。

3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ___________ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)

A.which B.where C.that D.when

解析：答案為B。本題考查限制性定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的選擇。定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞短語(yǔ)the small town, 且關(guān)系詞不作定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)而作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此定語(yǔ)從句必須用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。要注意分清先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞�，然后選擇適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞。

4.The English play my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.

A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which

解析：答案為C�？级ㄕZ(yǔ)從句。主句部分應(yīng)是The English play at the New Year’s party was a great success.從句補(bǔ)全為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)是my students acted in the play。所以應(yīng)選in which，其余介詞不妥。

5.There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands.

A. where B. which C. when D. that

解析：答案為A。本題考地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，用where引導(dǎo)。句意是“她的褲子上她擦過(guò)手的地方有臟痕”。此處不能用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，排除C，本題易被誤認(rèn)為考定語(yǔ)從句，意為“在她擦過(guò)手的褲子上有臟痕”。定語(yǔ)從句修飾trousers，也只能用where。B和D可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但只作主、賓等成分。定語(yǔ)從句缺少狀語(yǔ)，不缺主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，故不可用。

6.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.

A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which

解析：答案為A。本題考定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞which指代the journey，定語(yǔ)從句恢復(fù)為獨(dú)立句子應(yīng)是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days,故選of which。