高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)常見(jiàn)的幾個(gè)誤區(qū)

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　　(一)對(duì)名詞數(shù)的概念和規(guī)則掌握不好

　　英語(yǔ)中的名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)、不可數(shù)等形式，其變化形勢(shì)復(fù)雜規(guī)則繁多，中學(xué)生常常對(duì)這些規(guī)則的運(yùn)用不能得心應(yīng)手，而漢語(yǔ)的名詞有沒(méi)有數(shù)的概念，一步強(qiáng)調(diào)可數(shù)與不可數(shù)。如：passer-by →(過(guò)路人)，woman teachers →(女教師)。有些名詞形式上雖然是單數(shù)，意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)。如：police →(警察)，cattle→ (牛)。而另一些名詞形式上雖然是復(fù)數(shù)，意義上卻是單數(shù)。如：news →(消息)，works →(著作)等。

　　(二)冠詞的用法相互混淆

　　雖說(shuō)英語(yǔ)中只有定冠詞和不定冠詞，但其用法并非三言兩語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)清，即使掌握一些規(guī)律也有不少例外。中國(guó)學(xué)生對(duì)用與不用冠詞極其容易混淆。

　　Can you play the violin?(在于其名詞前，用定冠詞)

　　The young has turned writer.(在turn等連系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)名詞前習(xí)慣上不加上冠詞)

　　(三)對(duì)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的幾種形式相互混淆

　　英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是句子的關(guān)鍵。就英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分類而言，有及物動(dòng)詞、不及物動(dòng)詞、瞬間動(dòng)詞、延續(xù)動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞等，每一類的動(dòng)詞都有各自的用法特征，中國(guó)學(xué)生常常把不及物動(dòng)詞當(dāng)做及物動(dòng)詞用，把瞬間動(dòng)詞當(dāng)做延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用。

　　(誤)He has come here for three years.

　　(正)He has been here for three years.

　　(誤)I have bought the computer for a long time

　　(正)I have had the computer for a long time

　　就動(dòng)詞的形式而言，非限定動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)也令中國(guó)學(xué)生頭痛，因?yàn)橛行﹦?dòng)詞要求后面接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，有些動(dòng)詞要求后面接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，還有的兩者都可以接。

　　Would you mind opening the window?

　　I remember seeing him somewhere before.

　　Please remember to shut the door.

　　又如，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不僅僅跟句子中的主語(yǔ)有直接的邏輯關(guān)系，而且還跟非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做什么狀語(yǔ)有關(guān)。

　　(誤)Seeing from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

　　(正)Seen from the top of the hill , the city looks much more beautiful.

　　“see” 的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人，而不是“the city”，因此要用 “see” 的過(guò)去分詞形式，表示被動(dòng)。類似這樣的錯(cuò)誤在學(xué)生中是很常見(jiàn)的。

　　(四)易混淆動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)概念和形式

　　英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)有16種，常用的也有9種。雖說(shuō)他們的形式是固定的，但用法是靈活的。因此中國(guó)學(xué)生常常把某種時(shí)態(tài)的用法套在另一種時(shí)態(tài)的用法上。該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的地方卻用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)代替，該用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的地方卻過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)用代替。

　　(誤)I had met him in the street this morning.

　　(正)I met him in the street this morning.

　　(誤)I thought you finished your homework.

　　(正)I had thought you finished your homework.

　　(誤)When I got to the cinema ,the film already began.

　　(正)When I got to the cinema ,the film had already begun..

　　(五)對(duì)英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式和用法不能運(yùn)用自如

　　漢語(yǔ)中比英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用頻率相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)要少得多。中國(guó)學(xué)生不習(xí)慣用英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句。漢語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句往往就用一個(gè)字就可以決定其被動(dòng)意思，而英語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)形式不僅與動(dòng)詞本身的形式有關(guān)，而且還與時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣以及主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系有關(guān)。

　　(誤)Australia speaks English.

　　(正)English is spoken in Australia.

　　(誤)What is to do next?

　　(正)What is to be done next?

　　(誤)I remember taking to Beijing when I was a child.

　　(正)I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child.

　　(六)虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式的復(fù)雜性和用法的靈活性令中國(guó)學(xué)生感到困惑

　　(誤)I wish I know the answer now.

　　(正)I wish I knew the answer now.

　　(誤)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would meet the scientist.

　　(正)If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met the scientist.

　　(誤)I suggest he goes to see the doctor at once.

　　(正)I suggest he (should) go to see the doctor at once.

　　(七)不用或錯(cuò)用英語(yǔ)連接詞

　　漢語(yǔ)是綜合性語(yǔ)言，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“意合”，句語(yǔ)句之間可以不用連詞，把種種關(guān)系隱含在上下文中：英語(yǔ)是分析性語(yǔ)言，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“行合”，句語(yǔ)句之間或者是主句和從句之間需要一種方式來(lái)表達(dá)它們之間的句法關(guān)系。

　　(誤)Although he is old, but he works hard.

　　(正)Although he is old, he works hard.

　　(誤)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

　　(正)Because he was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

　　(正)Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.

　　(正)He was ill, so he didn’t go to school.

　　(八)忽視一致性問(wèn)題

　　漢語(yǔ)的人稱代詞和主謂一致問(wèn)題十分簡(jiǎn)單，但英語(yǔ)中的人稱和主謂一致的問(wèn)題卻比較復(fù)雜，令中國(guó)學(xué)生困惑不已。

　　(誤)Three years in a foreign country seem like a long time.

　　(正)Three years in a foreign country seems like a long time.

　　注：主語(yǔ)形式上雖為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上視為單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該為單數(shù)形式。

　　(誤)The mother together with her daughter are on the way to school.

　　(正)The mother together with her daughter is on the way to school.

　　注：主語(yǔ)是“The mother”而不是“The mother together with her daughter”。因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該為單數(shù)形式。

　　(誤)The crowd was fighting for their lives.

　　(正)The crowd were fighting for their lives.

　　注：主語(yǔ)形式上雖為單數(shù)，但意義上視為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該為復(fù)數(shù)形式。

　　(九)英語(yǔ)從句形式多且表現(xiàn)形式復(fù)雜

　　英語(yǔ)的從句主要有：主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等，每種從句都要求用相應(yīng)的語(yǔ)法形式。因此牽涉到連詞、關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的選擇時(shí)，中國(guó)學(xué)生就很容易混淆;在英語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí)，也往往忽視英語(yǔ)中的連詞。

　　1、主語(yǔ)從句

　　(誤)If he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

　　(正)Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.

　　2、表語(yǔ)從句

　　(誤)This is that he want.

　　(正)This is what he want.

　　3、定語(yǔ)從句

　　(誤)Everything which he said greatly interested us.

　　(正)Everything that he said greatly interested us.

　　4、同位語(yǔ)從句

　　(誤)That fact which the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

　　(正)That fact that the earth travels around the sun is known to all.

　　5、狀語(yǔ)從句

　　(誤)However you say , I will not change my mind.

　　(正)Whatever you say , I will not change my mind.

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