高考考前語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)形容詞和副詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)查漏補(bǔ)缺
2018-10-29 09:02:35學(xué)科網(wǎng)
形容詞副詞查漏補(bǔ)缺
一、形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級
1.形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級,在重讀閉音節(jié)(即:輔音+元音+輔音)中,先雙寫末尾的輔音字母,比較級加-er,最高級加-est;
如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest
sad→sadder→saddest mad→madder →maddest wet→wetter→wettest
2. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,變y為i,加er,如:
easy-easier、happy-happier、funny-funnier、early-earlier、busy-busier、
dirty-dirtier(更臟)、heavy-heavier(更重)、healthy-healthier;friendly-friendlier
angry ugly,
但是:shy-shyer.
以元音字母+y結(jié)尾時(shí),y不變,直接加er或est。如grey----greyer
3.、不規(guī)則變化
good/well—— better —— best
bad/badly/ill—— worse —— worst
many/much—— more ——— most
old —— older/elder—— oldest/eldest
little —— less —— least
far —— farther/further—— farthest/furthest
2、單音節(jié)不規(guī)則變化
tired —— more tired—— most tired
fond —— more fond—— most fond
glad —— more glad—— most glad
bored —— more bored—— most bored
pleased —— more pleased—— most pleased
3、兩種變化(少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)詞以及以er或le結(jié)尾的詞,可以有兩種比較級和最高級)
simple----simpler common
cruel —— crueler —— cruelest/more cruel—— most cruel
strict —— stricter —— strictest/more strict—— most strict
often —— oftener —— oftenest/more often—— most often
friendly —— friendlier —— friendliest/more friendly—— most friendly
clever —— cleverer —— cleverest/more clever—— most clever
4、沒有比較級
empty wrong perfect unique extreme excellent favourite favorite true right correct extremely possible first final last empty wooden
5、在原級形容詞之前加less, least構(gòu)成的比較級與最高級成為“較低級”與“最低級”形式。
如:kind---less kind---least kind useful---less useful----least useful
二、形容詞+ly購成副詞的規(guī)則
1. 輔音字母+y easy happy, heavy, busy 但是shyly, dryly
2. le結(jié)尾去e加y。simple, gentle,但是whole wholly
3. 元音字母+e結(jié)尾,true-truly,但duely
4. i,c結(jié)尾的加ally, 如basic scientific automatic energetic
5. 以le結(jié)尾的形容詞
大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍為形容詞。
改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò)) She sang lovely.
(錯(cuò)) He spoke to me very friendly.
。▽Γ Her singing was lovely.
(對) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
friendly友好的---a friendly smile友好的微笑
fatherly像父親的---a fatherly teacher一位父親式的教師
lovely可愛的---a lovely girl一位可愛的姑娘
lively活潑的---a lively child一位活潑的小孩
lonely孤獨(dú)的---a lonely traveller一位孤獨(dú)的旅客
deadly致命的---a deadly blow致命的一擊
silly傻的,無聊的---a silly question愚蠢的問題
orderly秩序的---an orderly mind有條不紊的頭腦
manly男子氣概的---a manly person具有男子氣概的人
daily每日的---daily work日常工作
weekly每星期的---a weekly magazine周刊
yearly每年的---a yearly income年收入daily, monthly, early
smell-smelly adj.發(fā)臭的, 有臭味的
sound-soundly 完好地; 健全地; 穩(wěn)健地; 堅(jiān)固地; 徹底地; 正確地; 確實(shí)地,厲害地,酣暢地berate sb. soundly痛罵某人一頓
英語中部分特殊形式的比較意義和最高級的表達(dá)
1.A is senior/junior to B; A比B年齡或級別大(高)/A比B年齡或級別。ǖ停
如:He is 3 years senior to me. 他比我大三歲。
A is superior / inferior to B A優(yōu)于/劣于B
如: Beijing is superior to any other city in hosting the Olympic Games.在舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)上,北京比其他任何城市都做得好。
2.A is to B what C is to D. 意為“A對于B就如C對于D。”
如:Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.
發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)對于機(jī)器就如心臟對于動(dòng)物。
3.can't be too+adj. = can't be+adj.+enough
無論……都不為過,越……越……。 如:
You can never be careful enough.= You can never be too careful.你無論怎么小心都不為過。
4. too…to句型的兩個(gè)意義
(1)表示否定意義,意為“太……而不能”。
如:This question is too hard for me to understand.
這個(gè)問題太難,我理解不了。
(2)表示肯定意義,意為“非常,很,極”。當(dāng)too后面接easy,ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容詞時(shí),too表示“很,非常”之意,與very表達(dá)“很”的意思相同。當(dāng)too前有all, but, only等詞時(shí),形成only/but/all too…to do結(jié)構(gòu),仍舊表達(dá)“非常,很,極”之意。
如:I'm too glad to hear the news.聽到這條消息我非常高興。
5.與than有關(guān)的短語
(1)more…than…是……而不是……;與其說……不如說……。
no more…than…不是……也不是……/與……同樣不
not more...than 不如……
如:That little girl is more tired than hungry.
那個(gè)小女孩是累了而不是餓了。(與其說那個(gè)小女孩餓了,還不如說她累了。)
He is no more deligent than Tom.他和Tom都不勤奮。
He is no more a teacher than a worker.他既不是老師也不是工人。
He is not more deligent than Tom.他不如Tom勤奮。
He is not more a teacher teacher than a worker.與其說他是教師,不如說是工人。
(2)more than 超過,不僅僅是
no more than=only 只不過(言其少)
not more than=at most 不多于,至多(指事實(shí))
She is more than a friend to me, she is my family.
The room is no more than a barn.
(3) less than (數(shù)量)不到……,不足……;一點(diǎn)也不
no less than (數(shù)量)不少于……,至少
=not less than=at least
(4)less ……than 不如……;比……少;不是……而是……
No less...than=not less than (至少)不比……差,和……一樣
He is less a teacher than an expert.
He is more an expert than a teacher.與其說他確實(shí)老師,不如說是專家。
He is no less active than he used to be.
他和以前一樣積極。
例1.I'm afraid you've got the wrong person. I am no more a scientist than a mathematician.
[解析] 此處是no more…than…結(jié)構(gòu),表示“不是……也不是……”或“與……同樣不”之意,故or改為than。句意:恐怕你們搞錯(cuò)了,我既不是什么科學(xué)家,也不是什么數(shù)學(xué)家。
6.The weather is turning ever colder and colder, and people have to make a fire in their homes in advance.
[解析] 此處是 “(ever)+比較級+and+比較級”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“日益”之意,故cold and cold改為colder and colder。句意:天氣變得越來越冷,人們紛紛提前在家里生起了火。
7.比較級和否定詞連用表示最高級意義
【誤】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a good boss.
【正】 Mr Stevenson is great to work for—I really couldn't ask for a better boss.
[解析] 此處是用比較級的形式表達(dá)最高級的含義,所以把good改為better。句意:為斯蒂文森先生工作太棒了,我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。