高考考前語法填空和短文改錯代詞易錯點查漏補缺

　　高考考前語法填空和短文改錯代詞易錯點查漏補缺

　　代詞

　　1、作表語常用賓格，在獨詞句中用賓格。

　　a.—Who is knocking at the door?——It’s me

　　b. He is a student in this school. And me, too.

　　2、it 指無生命的事物、嬰兒、以及who、someone等不名身份的人。

　　eg: a. —Who is outside？ —It is me

　　b. Someone has entered the house. It must be a thief

　　c. The baby is very lowly. It was born half a year ago.

　　3、反身代詞可用作①賓語②表語（表示“健康”的含義）③同位語（作主語同位語，可以放在主語后面，或后置; 如果作賓語同位語，則放在賓語后面）

　　eg: a. Mr Black can’t express himself in Chinese. b. I am not quite myself today.

　　c. She herself opened the door. She opened the door herself.

　　d. You’d better ask Mr Smith himself about it.

　　4、指示代詞this, that用于電話用語中。

　　—Who’s that (speaking)?

　　—It/This is Tom (speaking)?

　　5、this/that 修飾adj/adv. 表示“這么”“那么”的含義,相當于so 。

　　a. Oh, the girl is not that foolish. b. I can only promise you this much.

　　c. We didn’t expect that the weather in Tongren was that hot.

　　6、it、that、those、one、the ones的指代區(qū)別。

　　1）it指上文提到的同一事物或整句話的內容。

　　a. “Do you want the watch?”“Yes , I want it.”

　　b. He warned his son not to play computer games again, but it didn’t help.

　　2）that常用來指代同名異物的不可數名詞

　　a. The population of China is much larger than that of any other country in the world.

　　b. The weather in Kaili is much better than that in shanghai.

　　3）those或the ones 用來指代上文提到的復數名詞。

　　a. Watches made in China are just as good as those/ the ones made in Switzerland.

　　b. The books are better than those you bought yesterday.

　　4) one指代同名異物的某個單數名詞，如果特指就用the one.

　　a. I want to buy a Mp3. Do you need one?

　　b. Here are enough apples . Each of you can get one.

　　c. I don’t like this dictionary. I prefer the one on the shelf.

　　7、both、either、neither的用法

　　a. Both of them are right （主語）

　　Both the brothers/ Both of the brothers are at college.（定語）

　　b. Neither of the answers is / are correct.（主語）

　　Neither seat is taken .（定語）

　　c. You can take either of the dictionaries.（賓語）

　　Flowers are planted on either side of the street.（定語）

　　8、none、all 的用法

　　a. All has been done.（作主語，表示“所有事”謂動用單數）

　　All are present . （作主語，表示“所有人”謂動用復數）

　　b. None of the girls in our class like/likes football.

　　注意：在回答what/who 問句時，用nothing/nobody;而在回答how many/How much……問句時用none.

　　Who is in the classroom?       Nobody.   What is in your hand?          Nothing.

　　How much money do you have?   None.

　　9、every、each的使用

　　1）every只能修飾名詞，而each既可修飾名詞，也可作名詞使用。

　　eg: every day、each classroom、each of the student

　　2）在單獨作主語、同位語、賓語時只用each.

　　a. Here are enough glasses. Each of you can get one.

　　b. We each should listen to the teachers carefully.

　　3）every能表達“每隔”的含義，而each則不能。

　　every three days 每3天、每隔2天    every few years每隔幾年

　　every other day /week/line每隔1天/1周/1行

　　4）every與one連用，可用of修飾( 要分開寫）。

　　every one of us 我們中的每一人     each of us我們中的每一人

　　every one of the books 這些書中的每1本

　　each of the books這些書中的每1本

　　10、some與any

　　1）表示“一些”含義時，some用于肯定句中，any用于否定、疑問、條件句中，都可以修飾可數名詞或不可數名詞。

　　a. I have some questions to ask you.

　　b. Do you have any trouble in learning English? If any, do ask me for help.

　　注意：1）some表示“一些”時，可用于“征求意見”“提出建議”的疑問句中。

　　a.—Would you like to have some ice cream?

　　—No.

　　—How about some water?

　　—Yes, please.

　　2）some后接單數可數名詞時表示“某一”的含義。相當于“a certain.”

　　some day 將來某一天            some kind of animals某一種動物

　　3）some 可以和數詞連用，表示“大約”的含義。

　　The story took place some forty years ago.

　　4）any如果表示“任何”含義時，可以用于肯定句中。

　　Here are three novels. You may read any.

　　11、one……the other、another、other+復數名詞、others、the other+復數名詞、the others

　　1)當前提只有兩個時，表達“一個，另一個”用one……the other，此時the other作名詞用。

　　I have bought two books. One is a dictionary, the other is a story book.

　　2)當前提有3個或以上時，表達“另一個”用another或“a(n)+序數詞( 序數詞的選擇要根據語境來）”表示。

　　Please show me another book.

　　I have stayed in Kaili for a week, but I still want to stay here for a second week.

　　注意：如果是“一段時間”或“一筆錢”時，可以用another。此時雖然是復數的形式，但它是單數含義。

　　a. We need another three days to finish the work.可以替換為：three more days    three other days

　　b. Sorry, your money is not enough. You need to pay another 10 dollars

　　10 more dollars

　　10 other dollars

　　3)other（adj）+復數名詞或others（n）表示除去一部分外剩余的某一部分，前面常有特征詞some.

　　a. Some people are against you, but others/other people may agree with you.

　　b. I don’t like this shirt. Have you got any others？

　　4）the other（adj）+復數名詞或the others(n)表示除去一部分外剩余的全部，一般都要有一定的范圍。

　　There are 70 students in the class. Some are from the USA and the others/ the other students / the rest are from China.

　　12、little、a little、few、a few的使用

　　1）little“幾乎沒有”修飾不可數名詞    There is little water in the desert

　　2）few“幾乎沒有”修飾可數名詞的復數形式。Few people like him.

　　3）a little“一點，一些”，修飾不可數名詞。 There is still a little soup in the bowl.

　　4）a few“一些，幾個”修飾可數名詞的復數形式，相當于some、several, a couple of

　　I bought a few books yesterday

　　13、many與 much的使用

　　1）much+不可數名詞 much water/ information/ pleasure…etc

　　2）many+復數名詞    = a good /great many+復數名詞作主語，謂語動詞用復數形式。

　　然而： many a(n)+單數可數名詞，如many a student, 作主語，謂動用第三單形式。

　　14、疑問代詞

　　What、which、who、whom、whose、how many/much、how soon、how often、how long、etc、

　　(1)、在句中作主語、賓語（含介詞賓語）、表語且指sth.用what, 另外：表示“是。。。什么樣子”也用what.

　　a. —What’s your name?—My name is Peter. b. —What is on your desk?

　　c. What’s the weather like today?

　　d. What does your father look like?

　　e. My hometown is not what it used to be 10 years ago.

　　(2)、在句中指人且作主語，用who；如果指人作賓語，可以用who/whom

　　a. Who’s in charge of your class?

　　b. Who/Whom did you meet yesterday?

　　(3)、指人且在句中作定語，用whose。注意相應的名詞要緊跟whose。

　　a. Whose father is a teacher?

　　b. Whose bike did you lose yesterday?

　　(4)、當表示“哪一個/ 哪一些”含義時用which，相應的名詞也要緊隨其后

　　a. Which dictionary do you like?

　　b. Which students will be chosen to be volunteers?

　　(5)、提問數目時用how many(much)，可數名詞用how many，不可數名詞用how much。注意相應的名詞也要緊隨其后，如果問的是“錢”或“某種程度”時,how much后常不接名詞。

　　a. How many people are there in your class?

　　b. How much vegetable did you buy this morning?

　　c. How much did you spend on the house?

　　d. How much do you like the dictionary?

　　(6)、在將來時中表示在一段時間后“用介詞in+時間”， 含義為：....之后。提問則用how soon(多久以后）.

　　The road will be completed in two years.

　　How soon will the road be completed?

　　(7)、how often用來提問頻率。

　　He went back home twice a month last year.

　　How often did he go home last year?

　　(8)、how long 用來提問“for+一段時間”通常指(1)到目前為止，且在現在完成時中。(2) 將要做某事長達一段時間。

　　They have been married for five years.→ How long have they been married?

　　I will stay in my college for 4 years.  →  How long will you stay in your college?

　　15、全部否定與部分否定

　　1）both/every/all與not連用表示部分否定。

　　Not every student is from the UK=Every student is not from the UK.

　　Both of them are not from Guiyang.= Not both of them are from Guiyang.

　　Not all of us study hard.= All of us don’t study hard.

　　2）either……not、any……not、neither、none、nobody、nothing、each……not都表示全部否定。

　　a. Either of the two brothers is not a student.=Neither of the two brothers is a student.

　　b. Any of them doesn’t like to dance. None of them likes/like to dance.

　　c. Nobody is absent.

　　d. Nothing does good to you. e. Each of the students doesn’t want to go with you.