高考英語(yǔ)名詞與冠詞考點(diǎn)講解(2)
2021-09-25 17:11:41高考網(wǎng)整理
高頻考點(diǎn)四、考查冠詞的用法
例4.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷】Of ______ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指,意為“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”,故填the。
【舉一反三】In Germany,________successful project,which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”,has been running with________great success.
A.a(chǎn);a B.a(chǎn);不填
C.the;a D.不填;the
【答案】B
【解析】第一個(gè)空是泛指修飾名詞project;第二個(gè)空后的名詞success是抽象名詞。故選B項(xiàng)。
【變式探究】The peace-making spirit of Nelson Mandela,who was elected ________ president at the age of 76,has won him ________ worldwide respect.
A./;a B./;/
C.the;a D.the;/
【答案】B
【解析】句意:納爾遜·曼德拉76歲時(shí)當(dāng)選總統(tǒng),他的維和精神為他贏得了全世界的尊敬。句中的president指總統(tǒng)這個(gè)職位,作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),前一般不加冠詞;respect為不可數(shù)名詞,故不加冠詞。故選B。
1.【2019·江蘇卷】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意:當(dāng)今,旅行的重點(diǎn)從購(gòu)物轉(zhuǎn)變成了品嘗美食和欣賞風(fēng)景。A. priority優(yōu)先;優(yōu)先權(quán);B. potential潛在的,可能的;C. proportion比例,占比;D. pension退休金,撫恤金。故選A。
2.【2019·天津卷】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in many ways.
A. statement B. impact C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我們能夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經(jīng)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的影響。 statement“陳述說明”; impact“強(qiáng)烈的影響,沖擊力”; impression“印象,感想”; judgement“判斷力判斷”。故選B。
3.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷】Of ___ ___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指,意為“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”,故填the。
4.【2019·浙江卷】Everybody wears___ ___ same style of clothes.
【答案】the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意:每個(gè)人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞,意思是“相同的”,常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。
1.【2018·江蘇】32. Try?to?understand?what’s?actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment B. association
C. acquisition D. assumption
【答案】D
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意:試著去理解實(shí)際發(fā)生的事情,而不是按照你所做的假設(shè)行事。A. assignment分配;B. association交往;C. acquisition獲得;D. assumption假設(shè)。故選D。
2.【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A. advice B. order
C. possibility D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意:宇宙中其它星球上存在生命這種可能性總是激勵(lì)科學(xué)家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠靠臻g。A. advice建議;B. order命令;C. possibility可能性;D. invitation邀請(qǐng)。故選C。
1.(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,61)But for tourists like me,pandas are its top ________(attract).
【答案】attraction
【解析】句意:但是對(duì)于像我一樣的游客來說,大熊貓是最大的吸引。形容詞top“頭等的;最重要的”后面跟名詞形式。
2.(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed...
【答案】days
【解析】句意:護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)每隔幾天就把他和他的妹妹互換一下,這樣當(dāng)他們中的一個(gè)在被人工喂養(yǎng)的時(shí)候……。every few days“每隔幾天”。
3.(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,42)Then,handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve).
【答案】achievement
【解析】句意:然后,首先處理最重要的任務(wù),那么你會(huì)感到真正意義上的成就。介詞of后應(yīng)用名詞作賓語(yǔ)。
4.(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.
【答案】studies
【解析】句意:最近的研究顯示如果我們有規(guī)律地進(jìn)行短暫的休息的話,我們工作的效率會(huì)更高。study“研究”為可數(shù)名詞,本句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為show,說明主語(yǔ)應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)studies。
5.(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅲ,68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.
【答案】development
【解析】句意:一些人認(rèn)為大約生活于公元前551年到479年間的中國(guó)偉大學(xué)者孔子影響了筷子的發(fā)展。根據(jù)空格前面的the可知,所填詞應(yīng)用名詞形式。
6.(2016·四川,65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.
【答案】enemies
【解析】句意:任何氣味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊貓寶寶的敵人。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,此處表示“吸引了自然界中的敵人”,故填可數(shù)名詞enemy的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
7.(2016·浙江,4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time,as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.
【答案】payments
【解析】句意:準(zhǔn)時(shí)付電費(fèi)很重要,因?yàn)橹Ц锻砹藭?huì)影響你的信用。前面有形容詞late修飾,此處應(yīng)用名詞形式,payment可用作可數(shù)名詞,所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8.(2016·浙江,8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite,rather than divide us.
【答案】differences
【解析】句意:當(dāng)我們學(xué)會(huì)“求同存異”,而不是“分崩離析”的時(shí)候,我們就能獲得很多。物主代詞our后面接名詞,這里是指“我們的差異”,所以用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
9.(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ,70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,________ other is with mum—she never suspects.
【答案】the
【解析】句意:護(hù)理團(tuán)隊(duì)每隔幾天就把他和他的妹妹互換一下,這樣當(dāng)他們中的一個(gè)在被人工喂養(yǎng)的時(shí)候,另一個(gè)是和媽媽在一起的——她從不懷疑。one...the other...“一個(gè)……另一個(gè)……”。
10.(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ,48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.
【答案】a
【解析】句意:你可以先出去一會(huì)兒,通過鍛煉或做些你喜歡的事情來讓你的身體和大腦得到休息。for a while意為“一會(huì)兒”。
11.(2016·浙江,2)________prize for the winner of the competition is ________ two-week holiday in Paris.
【答案】The;a
【解析】句意:這個(gè)比賽獲勝者的獎(jiǎng)品是一個(gè)為期兩周的在巴黎度假的機(jī)會(huì)。第一空特指“獲勝者的獎(jiǎng)品”,用定冠詞the;第二空泛指“一個(gè)為期兩周的假期”,用不定冠詞a。
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