高考英語特殊句式考點講解(2)

2021-09-25 11:52:24高考網(wǎng)整理

　　高頻考點四　省略

　　例4． Video games can be a poor influence if ________ in the wrong hands.

　　A．to leave    B．leaving

　　C．leave    D．left

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果落在不合適的人的手中，電子游戲就會有一個很壞的影響。leave的邏輯主語是video games，主語video games與leave之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞。if left...是“連詞＋過去分詞”構(gòu)成的狀語從句的省略。

　　【舉一反三】If ________ for the job，you’ll be informed soon.

　　A．to accept    B．a(chǎn)ccept

　　C．a(chǎn)ccepting    D．a(chǎn)ccepted

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】考查省略句。句意：如果你被接受做這份工作，你很快就會接到通知。句中you與accept之間為被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，所以答案為D。本題中if之后省略了主語和be動詞，補(bǔ)充完整為：If you are accepted for the job，you’ll be informed soon.。

　　【變式探究】The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，________，reaching 30℃ in summer.

　　A．if not    B．if ever

　　C．if any    D．if so

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查省略句。句意：這里的氣候宜人，如果曾經(jīng)有的話，在夏季氣溫極少達(dá)到30攝氏度。if not如果不；if ever如果曾經(jīng)有，如果曾經(jīng)發(fā)生；if any如果有的話；if so如果是這樣的話。根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(極少)可知，空格處表達(dá)的意思是“如果曾經(jīng)有(if ever)”。

　　【變式探究】The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________．

　　A．not to do    B．not to

　　C．not do    D．do not

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查省略。句意：那個司機(jī)想把車�？吭诼愤�，但是警察不允許他這樣做。這里為了避免重復(fù)，省略與前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符號to。補(bǔ)充完整后應(yīng)為“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。

　　高頻考點五   其他特殊句式

　　例5．(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly－trained agent will get you the help you need.

　　A．press    B．to press

　　C．pressing    D．pressed

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】考查固定句型。句意：在任何不安全的情況下，只要按下按鈕，一個訓(xùn)練有素的代理人就會給你需要的幫助。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為祈使句，所以用動詞原形。

　　【舉一反三】—I spent two weeks in London last summer.

　　—Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，________ you?

　　A．mustn’t    B．haven’t

　　C．didn’t    D．hadn’t

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】考查反意疑問句。句意：——去年夏天，我在倫敦度過了兩個星期。——那么，在此期間你肯定參觀了英國博物館，是不是？must have done結(jié)構(gòu)在句中表示對過去事情的肯定推測，當(dāng)句末有反意疑問的語氣時，可分為兩種情況： (1)句中沒有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為“haven’t/hasn’t...？”；(2)句中有明確的過去時間狀語時，反意疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)為“didn’t...？”。根據(jù)題干中的過去時間狀語last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)用第二種情況。

　　【變式探究】Every day ________ a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized.

　　A．read    B．reading

　　C．to read    D．reads

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】考查祈使句。句意：每天都要大聲朗讀幾遍諺語，直到你能背誦為止。連詞until引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，前面為主句，主句是一個祈使句，故選A。

　　【變式探究】The old president of that company must have donated most of his money to the charity and those in need, ________？

　　A．didn’t he 　　　　　　   B．doesn’t he

　　C．hasn’t he    D．mustn’t he

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】考查反意疑問句。句意：那個公司年邁的董事長肯定把他大部分的錢捐獻(xiàn)給了慈善機(jī)構(gòu)和那些貧困的人，不是嗎？當(dāng)must用來表示對過去情況進(jìn)行推測(must have done)時，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)動作的完成(此時句中一般沒有表示過去的時間狀語)，反意疑問句部分用“haven’t/hasn’t＋主語”。

　　1.（2019·新課標(biāo)I卷）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

　　【答案】are

　　【解析】時態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語，一般現(xiàn)在時，故填are。

　　2．(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.

　　A．should they    B．they should

　　C．dare they    D．they dare

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】考查倒裝和情態(tài)動詞。句意：教授警告學(xué)生說在他的課上絕對不應(yīng)該使用手機(jī)。on no account(絕對不)具有否定意義，置于句首時，句子應(yīng)使用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；再結(jié)合句意“不應(yīng)該”可知，應(yīng)選A。

　　1.【2018·北京】In any unsafe situation, simply _________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.

　　A. press    B. to press    C. pressing    D. pressed

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情況下，僅僅摁一下這個按鈕，一個訓(xùn)練有素的特工就會使你得到你需要的幫助。and是連詞，連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)，and后面是一個句子，那么，前面也應(yīng)是句子，選項中只有動詞原形可以構(gòu)成祈使句，其余的都是非謂語動詞，無法構(gòu)成句子。故A選項正確。

　　2.【2018·天津】 It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.

　　A. which    B. that

　　C. when    D. where

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：只有當(dāng)汽車在我們房子前停下來我們才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。這里考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is/ was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+ that/ who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人)+ 其他部分。本題強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語only when the car pulled up in front of our house。故選B。

　　1．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

　　A. It were              B. Were it

　　C. It was            D. Was it

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。

　　2．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

　　A. It were         B. Were it         C. It was       D. Was it

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。

　　3．（2017·江蘇卷·單項填空） ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

　　A. It were          B. Were it          C. It was       D. Was it

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查虛擬語氣的省略。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。

　　4．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

　　A. It were              B. Were it              C. It was               D. Was it

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省

　　略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。

　　5．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

　　A. It were               B. Were it

　　C. It was             D. Was it

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。

　　6.(2017·江蘇卷) ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

　　A. It were          B. Were it          C. It was       D. Was it

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查虛擬語氣的省略。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。

　　7．（2017?江蘇） _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

　　A. It were         B. Were it         C. It was       D. Was it

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】考查虛擬語氣和倒裝。虛擬語氣中，be動詞統(tǒng)一用were；虛擬語氣的省略形式主要是把if省略，同時把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I...，故選B。句意：要不是老師們的支持，該生是無法克服她自己的困難的。

　　8．（2017?天津）It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.

　　A. who    B. where    C. which    D. that

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】句意：當(dāng)我回到我的公寓的時候，我首先遇見了我的新鄰居。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞It was開頭，后面連詞首選that，，構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，但需要驗證，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以確定是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。故選D。

　　1．(2016·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，50)It could be anything—gardening，cooking，music，sports—but whatever it is，________(make)sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

　　【答案】make

　　【解析】句意：它可以是園藝、烹飪、音樂、運(yùn)動等任何事情，但是，無論它是什么，務(wù)必保證它是讓你釋放壓力而不是讓你擔(dān)憂的事。句中動詞短語置于句首，構(gòu)成祈使句，故用動詞原形。

　　2．(2016·天津，13)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ________ the coach picks up tourists.

　　【答案】that

　　【解析】句意：你等錯地方了。長途汽車來賓館接游客。本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who＋其他。本句中at the hotel是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，缺強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中的that，故填that。

　　3.【2016·江蘇】34.Not until recently ______the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.

　　A. they had encouraged   B. had they encouraged

　　C. did they encourage   D. they encouraged

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】句意：直到最近他們才鼓勵在農(nóng)村地區(qū)開展與旅游業(yè)有關(guān)的活動。當(dāng)not until所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語放在句首時，主句要使用部分倒裝。故C項正確。