2020年高考英語完形填空解題技巧!
2020-02-22 00:05:02高考網(wǎng)整理
2020高考即將開戰(zhàn),你準(zhǔn)備好了嗎?高考網(wǎng)小編為各位考生整理了一些高考復(fù)習(xí)方法,供大家參考閱讀!
1、通過主旨大意解題
在完形填空題中,理解主旨大意十分重要,正確把握主旨大意有助于考生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的正確理解,特別是長(zhǎng)難句的分析和突破可以幫助考生提高解題的正確率。完形填空題的第一句往往不設(shè)空,這句話一般是文章的主題句,考生在解題時(shí)一定不要忽略首句的內(nèi)容。
【典例】As a general rule, all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常規(guī)) basis. As a matter of fact, we can see this __41__ at work in people of all 42(ages).
41.A. principle B. Habit C. way D. power
【分析】 A 根據(jù)首句信息可知,這里是指”當(dāng)各種活動(dòng)變成常規(guī)的時(shí)候都會(huì)讓人厭倦”這個(gè)準(zhǔn)則。principle”原則,準(zhǔn)則”;habit”習(xí)慣”;way”方式”;power”權(quán)力”。由首句的信息再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知,A選項(xiàng)正確。
2、通過文化背景解題
完形填空的語篇信息常滲透著各類相關(guān)的文化背景知識(shí)。有些選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置與文化背景相關(guān),這就要求考生有較寬的知識(shí)面,同時(shí)要具備一定的文化意識(shí),特別是要有對(duì)英語國家文化的敏感性和鑒別力,只有這樣才能既快速又準(zhǔn)確地解題。
3、通過復(fù)現(xiàn)詞解題
這類題多為同義詞、近義詞和反義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)或同義詞、近義詞和反義詞的異形的復(fù)現(xiàn)。這類試題主要是考查考生的整體篇章意識(shí)和對(duì)上下文的推斷能力。
【典例】In particular, there was (and perhaps still is) a belief in fairies. Not all of these __1__ are the friendly, people-loving characters that appear in Disney films, and in some folk tales they are __2__ and cause much human suffering.
1.A. babies B. Beliefs C. fairies D. supermen
2.A. powerful B. Cruel C. frightened D. extraordinary
【分析】 1.C 根據(jù)空前的”a belief in fairies”可知,此處選C。屬于原詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)。
2.B 根據(jù)空格后的”suffering”可知,此處選B。屬于異形近義詞的復(fù)現(xiàn)。
4、通過瞻前信息解題
該解法要求重點(diǎn)聯(lián)系空前的信息。這種情況多出現(xiàn)在文章展開之后,這時(shí)前文已經(jīng)含有豐富的語境信息,它們可能和后面的設(shè)空處有邏輯的或語境的聯(lián)系,這樣空前的信息就成為解題的根據(jù)。解題時(shí)一定要善于捕捉這些重要的信息。
【典例】That's especially impressive, ____1(since) she is legally blind, born with a rare condition that causes her eyes to shift constantly. She often sees double and can't __2(tell) how far away things are.
When she was little, her mom__3(noticed) that even though she couldn't see __4__, she was fearless.
4.A. deeply B. Well C. ahead D. closely
【分析】 B 根據(jù)上文中的”she is legally blind”和”She often sees double and can't __2(tell) how far away things are”可知,她的視力不好。
5、通過顧后信息解題
完形填空在命題的過程中,上下文情節(jié)的發(fā)展都會(huì)有這樣或那樣的關(guān)系,這些關(guān)系是選擇正確選項(xiàng)的重要根據(jù),考生需要依據(jù)空格后的相關(guān)信息,做出正確的選擇。
【典例】For example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about __43(playing) with their new toys. But their __44__ soon wears off and by January those __45(same) toys can be found put away in the basement.
44.A. confidence B. interest C. anxiety D. sorrow
【分析】 B confidence”信心”;interest”興趣”;anxiety”焦慮”;sorrow”悲傷”。根據(jù)空格后的”those __45(same)__ toys...in the basement”可知,那些他們?cè)?jīng)很喜歡的玩具都被放在地下室里了。故此處表示他們對(duì)新玩具的興趣逐漸消失了。
6、通過邏輯關(guān)系解題
邏輯連接詞在文中起著銜接與連貫的重要作用,可以表達(dá)文中的因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系。這種題型是高考中的難點(diǎn),因?yàn)樗枰忌休^強(qiáng)的邏輯判斷能力以及對(duì)文章的整體把握能力。
【典例】All went well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily given the tables not far from the kitchen. __1__, I still felt it a little hard to carry the heavy trays.
1.A. Therefore B. However C. Otherwise D. Finally
【分析】 B 根據(jù)空格前的”luckily”和空格后的”I still felt it a little hard”可知,前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。therefore”因此”;however”然而”;otherwise”否則”;finally”最后”。根據(jù)語境可知選B項(xiàng)。
7、通過固定搭配解題
在英語學(xué)習(xí)中,掌握詞組和短語的用法十分重要。高考完形填空的命題中,通常會(huì)涉及固定短語的搭配,如動(dòng)詞短語、介詞短語等,考生需要運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯知識(shí),結(jié)合綜合語用能力對(duì)相關(guān)試題進(jìn)行突破。
【典例】 But Charlotte had been practising without a licence. She had __34__ a doctor's licence in both Montreal and Winnipeg...
34.A. put away B. taken over
C. turned in D. applied for
【分析】 D 根據(jù)第一句Charlotte的診所一直是無證營業(yè)可知,此處表示她一直在申請(qǐng)(applied for)行醫(yī)執(zhí)照。put away”將……收起,把……放回原處”,take over”接管”,turn in”上交”,均不符合語境。
8、通過生活常識(shí)解題
完形填空題所選的文章多是具有一定故事情節(jié)和教育意義的記敘文,這些文章都貼近考生的生活,這樣就會(huì)涉及對(duì)生活常識(shí)的考查,所以在解題時(shí),考生需要根據(jù)生活常識(shí)選出答案。
【典例】They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently, and we lay__43__ in the dark until the winds died away.
43.A. shaking B. Quarrelling C. mourning D. aching
【分析】 A 根據(jù)語境可知,此處表示作者一家人在車上躺著,人隨著卡車在晃動(dòng),因此選A表示”搖動(dòng),(使)顫動(dòng)”。
9、通過語法分析解題
對(duì)語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查也是完形填空題的重要命題角度。對(duì)于這種題,要有針對(duì)性地對(duì)語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句式特點(diǎn)、句子成分等進(jìn)行分析,從而迅速解決問題。
【典例】__1__ do you suppose he asked for them?
1.A. What B. How C. Who D. Which
【分析】 B 本題中,do you suppose為插入成分。he asked for them是一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立和完整的句子,因此空格處應(yīng)該用副詞How來修飾謂語動(dòng)詞asked,而不能用代詞What, Who或Which。
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