高中英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解

　　漢語的時(shí)態(tài)大多是通過副詞來表達(dá)的，而高中英語的時(shí)態(tài)是靠動(dòng)詞的變化和時(shí)間狀語來表達(dá)的。高中英語中的時(shí)態(tài)共有十六種，但是�？嫉幕蜉^常用的只有9種，而且重點(diǎn)測試完成時(shí)態(tài)。要掌握英語的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，必須掌握好高中英語中的助動(dòng)詞(do, be, have)和時(shí)間狀語這兩個(gè)核心問題。

　　一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

　　主要用來表示人、事物的現(xiàn)在狀況和特點(diǎn)；表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等時(shí)間狀語；  表示客觀規(guī)律和永恒真理等。

　　例句：

　　He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.

　　She has a brother who lives in New York.

　　The earth goes around the sun.

　　Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.

　　考點(diǎn)一：表示永恒的真理，即使出現(xiàn)在過去的語境中，仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in  primary

　　school.

　　考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替一般將來時(shí)；常用的引導(dǎo)詞有：

　　時(shí)間：when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/

　　the minute, the day;

　　條件：if, unless, provided.

　　If he accepts the job, he will get  more money soon.

　　考點(diǎn)三：在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter+賓語從句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。

　　So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he  finishes the experiment.

　　只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么時(shí)候做完試驗(yàn)。

　　考點(diǎn)四：在the more… the more… (越……越……) 的句型中, 若主句是一般將來時(shí), 從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。

　　The harder you study, the better results you will get.

　　現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　表說話時(shí)或目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)：表感情色彩，加強(qiáng)語氣。與頻率副詞，如always，constantly，continually，again等連用表示說話人的某種感情色彩（贊嘆、厭煩、埋怨等）。

　　例句：

　　We are having English class.

　　The house is being  built these days.

　　The little boy is always making  trouble.

　　考點(diǎn)一：在時(shí)間狀語或條件狀語從句中表示將來正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

　　Look out when you are crossing the street.

　　Don't wake him up  if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.

　　考點(diǎn)二：  表示在最近按計(jì)劃或安排要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（這時(shí)多有表示將來的時(shí)間狀語）。

　　Marry is leaving on Friday.

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

　　表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，完成在過去，但強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在情況仍有聯(lián)系，其結(jié)果或影響仍存在。

　　現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)有一些標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語

　　考點(diǎn)一：for + 時(shí)間段；since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)

　　They have lived in Beijing for five years.

　　They  have lived in Beijing since 1995.

　　I have learned English for ten  years.

　　考點(diǎn)二：常見的不確定的時(shí)間狀語：lately; recently, just, already, yet,up to now; till now; so  far, these days,

　　Has it stopped raining yet ?

　　考點(diǎn)三：在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來……”時(shí)間狀語中，謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the  last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等

　　考點(diǎn)四：表示“第幾次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名詞+that” 后面跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。

　　This is my first time that I have visited China.

　　This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.

　　That is the only book that he has written.

　　一般過去時(shí)

　　表在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時(shí)間連用，

　　如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the  war;

　　before; a few days ago; when

　　考點(diǎn)一：used to + do，表示過去經(jīng)常但現(xiàn)在已不再維持的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。

　　to為不定式，后接動(dòng)詞原形。

　　be/become/get used to + doing，表示習(xí)慣于。

　　He used to smoke a lot.

　　He has got used to getting up  early.

　　考點(diǎn)二：在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，代替過去將來時(shí)。

　　He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise.

　　過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

　　例句：

　　The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from

　　work.

　　He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone

　　shouted for help.

　　What were you doing at nine last  night?

　　The radio was being repaired when you called me.

　　過去完成時(shí)

　　表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即過去完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”，句中有明顯的參照動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語，這種時(shí)態(tài)從來不孤立使用

　　( before, after, by, up till )

　　例句：

　　There had been 25 parks  in our city up till 2000.

　　By the end of last term we had finished the  book.

　　They finished earlier than we had expected.

　　考點(diǎn)一：用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)。

　　I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.

　　I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.

　　No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. （注意主謂倒裝）

　　考點(diǎn)二：表示“第幾次做某事”，主句用過去時(shí)，從句用過去完成時(shí)。

　　That was the second time that she had seen her  grandfather.

　　It was three years since we had parted.

　　考點(diǎn)三：動(dòng)詞hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan用過去完成時(shí)，表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望、打算和意圖。

　　I had hoped that I could do the job.

　　I had intended to see you but I was too busy.

　　一般將來時(shí)

　　表在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用，其表現(xiàn)形式多達(dá)5種。

　　例句：

　　Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.

　　考點(diǎn)一：一般將來時(shí)總是用在一些時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句的主句中

　　We will begin our class as soon as the teacher  comes.

　�。ㄖ骶溆靡话銓�來時(shí)，從句中一定要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)替代一般將來時(shí)。）

　　考點(diǎn)二：某些表示短暫性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如arrive, come, go, leave, start等，用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式表示將來。

　　I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

　　考點(diǎn)三：“祈使句  + and/or + 句子”，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中and后面的句子謂語用一般將來時(shí)。

　　Use your head and you will find a way.

　　考點(diǎn)四：“am (is, are) going to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示打算要做的事或可能要發(fā)生的事。

　　“am (is, are) about to +動(dòng)詞原形”表示按照預(yù)定計(jì)劃或打算準(zhǔn)備著手進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

　　“am (is, are) to + 動(dòng)詞原形”表示必須、必然或計(jì)劃將要做的事。

　　They are to be married in this May.

　　將來進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　表將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或按計(jì)劃一定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。

　　例句：

　　I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow.

　　The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.