60個(gè)高一英語(yǔ)期末必考知識(shí)點(diǎn)大匯總（下）
2019-01-08 19:36:56三好網(wǎng)
39. break down
1) 破壞；拆散
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人體中的化學(xué)元素把食物分解成有用的物質(zhì)。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. (喻)據(jù)說(shuō)和談破裂了。
2)（機(jī)器）損壞 Our truck broke down outside town. 我們的卡車(chē)在城外拋錨了。
The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽車(chē)在到達(dá)目的地的中途拋錨了。
3) 失敗；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他們的反對(duì)意見(jiàn)打消了。
4) 精神崩潰；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失聲痛哭。
5) 起化學(xué)變化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化學(xué)物質(zhì)引起食物轉(zhuǎn)化。
50. “So + be／have／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的語(yǔ)序是倒裝的，“So”代替上句中的某個(gè)成分。如果上面一句是否定句，則使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。
He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．)
You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．)
She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．)
Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．)
A： I went to the park yesterday．
B： So did I．(＝I also went to the park yesterday．)
51.“So +主語(yǔ)+be／have／助動(dòng)詞／情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中的主謂是正常語(yǔ)序，so相當(dāng)于indeed，certainly，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)前面或?qū)Ψ剿f(shuō)情況的肯定、贊同或證實(shí)，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)，意思是“確實(shí)如此”。
A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。
B：So it was．的確如此。(＝Y(jié)es，it was．)
A：You seem to like sports．
B：So I do．(＝Y(jié)es，I do．)
A：It will be fine tomorrow．
B：So it will．(＝Y(jié)es ，it will．)
52.“主語(yǔ)+do/does/did + so”結(jié)構(gòu)指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重復(fù)。
My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I handed inmy composition on time.) 語(yǔ)文老師叫我按時(shí)交作文， 我照辦了。
53. So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……(的情況)也是如此。”當(dāng)前面的句子中有幾種不同形式的謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，要表示相同情況，必須使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒裝句。
She doesn’t play the piano， but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.
54. There you are. 行了，好。 這是一句表示一種事情告一段落或有了最終結(jié)果的用語(yǔ)。
There you are！ Then let's have some coffee.
除此之外，還可以表示“瞧，對(duì)吧（果然如此）”的語(yǔ)氣。
There you are！ I knew we should find it at last.
對(duì)吧！我就知道我們最終能找到的。
55. have some difficulty (in) doing sth. 干某事有困難；接名詞時(shí)，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.
�、貲o you have any difficulty (in) understanding English？
你理解英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)有困難嗎？
②She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.
她說(shuō)她在發(fā)音方面有困難。
56. have a good knowledge of sth. “掌握……”，“對(duì)……有某種程度的了解”
①He has a good knowledge of London.
他對(duì)倫敦有所了解。
②A good knowledge of languages is always useful.
57. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生�？粗镒訌乃稚铣曰ㄉ�，很有趣。
fun “好玩，趣事”，不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞a。
You’re sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定會(huì)玩得很開(kāi)心。
make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a
strange jacket.人們嘲笑他只是因?yàn)樗┝艘患敲雌婀值囊路?/p>
funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his father’s jacket.他穿著他父親
的衣服，看上去很滑稽。
58. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盤(pán)子里所有東西吃完是有禮貌的。
這是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ)。
59. 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
�。�1）直接引語(yǔ)在改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。
eg： “I broke your CD player.” (一般過(guò)去時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí))
He told me he had broken my CD player.
Jenny said， “I have lost a book.”
(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改成過(guò)去完成時(shí))
Jenny said she had lost a book.
Mum said， “I’ll go to see a friend.”
(一般將來(lái)時(shí)改成過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))
Mum said she would go to see a friend.
過(guò)去完成時(shí)保留原有的時(shí)態(tài)
He said， “We hadn’t finished our homework.”
He said they hadn’t finished their homework.
注意 直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。
（2）在直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果從句中的主語(yǔ)時(shí)第一人稱(chēng)或被第一人稱(chēng)所修飾，從句中的人稱(chēng)要按照主句中主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)變化。如：
Mary said， “My brother is an engineer.”
Mary said her brother was and engineer.
（3）直接引語(yǔ)如果是反意疑問(wèn)句，選擇疑問(wèn)句或一般疑問(wèn)句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如：
He said， “Can you run， Mike？”
He asked Mike whether/if he could run.
�。�4）直接引語(yǔ)如果是祈使句，間接引語(yǔ)應(yīng)改為“tell(ask， order， beg等) (not) to do sth.”句型。如：
“Pass me the water， please.”said he.
He asked him to pass her the water.
（5）直接引語(yǔ)如果是以“Let’s”開(kāi)頭的祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用“suggest+動(dòng)名詞或從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
She said， “Let’s go to the cinema.”
She suggested going to the cinema.
或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.
60. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)的動(dòng)作，謂語(yǔ)通常為瞬間動(dòng)詞。如：come， go， arrive， leave， start， return， stay， meet， get等。這些動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)后不能再接具體的時(shí)間。
�。�1）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)，指的是近期的，按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
�。�2）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)與表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于：前者通常用瞬間動(dòng)詞（有時(shí)一些常用動(dòng)詞也可以這樣用如：do）如：go， come， start， return， get， arrive等。而后者通常是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
The train is arriving soon. 火車(chē)就要進(jìn)站了。
He is reading a novel. 他在看小說(shuō)。
�。�3）用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間，在句中或上下文中通常有表示將來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。
�。�4）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)動(dòng)作的區(qū)別在于：前者表示的將來(lái)的動(dòng)作往往是可以改變的，而后者則是根據(jù)規(guī)定或時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情，因此往往是不可改變或不可隨便改變的。
What are you doing next Friday？
下星期五你們打算干什么？
The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.
飛機(jī)今晚七點(diǎn)半起飛。
