英文小說(shuō)連載《朗讀者The Reader》Part 2 Chapter 5

　　THE TRIAL could not have gone any worse for Hanna. She had already made a bad impression on the court during the preliminary questioning. After the indictment had been read out， she spoke up to say that something was incorrect； the presiding judge rebuked her irritably， telling her that she had had plenty of time before the trial to study the charges and register objections； now the trial was in progress and the evidence would show what was correct and incorrect. When the presiding judge proposed at the beginning of the actual testimony that the German version of the daughter’s book not be read into the record， as it had been prepared for publication by a German publisher and the manuscript made available to all participants in the trial， Hanna had to be argued into it by her lawyer under the exasperated eyes of the judge. She did not willingly agree. She also did not want to acknowledge that she had admitted， in an earlier deposition， to having had the key to the church. She had not had the key， no one had had the key， there had not been any one key to the church， but several keys to several different doors， and they had all been left outside in the locks. But the court record of her examination by the judge， approved and signed by her， read differently， and the fact that she asked why they were trying to hang something on her did not make matters any better. She didn’t ask loudly or arrogantly， but with determination， and， I think， in visible and audible confusion and helplessness， and the fact that she spoke of others trying to hang something on her did not mean she was claiming any miscarriage of justice by the court. But the presiding judge interpreted it that way and responded sharply. Hanna’s lawyer leapt to his feet and let loose， overeagerly； he was asked whether he was agreeing with his client’s accusations， and sat down again.

　　Hanna wanted to do the right thing. When she thought she was being done an injustice， she contradicted it， and when something was rightly claimed or alleged， she acknowledged it. She contradicted vigorously and admitted willingly， as though her admissions gave her the right to her contradictions or as though， along with her contradictions， she took on a responsibility to admit what she could not deny. But she did not notice that her insistence annoyed the presiding judge. She had no sense of context， of the rules of the game， of the formulas by which her statements and those of the others were toted up into guilt and innocence， conviction and acquittal. To compensate for her defective grasp of the situation， her lawyer would have had to have more experience and self-confidence， or simply to have been better. But Hanna should not have made things so hard for him； she was obviously withholding her trust from him， but had not chosen another lawyer she trusted more. Her lawyer was a public defender appointed by the court.

　　Sometimes Hanna achieved her own kind of success. I remember her examination on the selections in the camp. The other defendants denied ever having had anything to do with them. Hanna admitted so readily that she had participated—not alone， but just like the others and along with them—that the judge felt he had to probe further.

　　“What happened at the selections？”

　　Hanna described how the guards had agreed among themselves to tally the same number of prisoners from their six equal areas of responsibility， ten each and sixty in all， but that the figures could fluctuate when the number of sick was low in one person’s area of responsibility and high in another’s， and that all the guards on duty had decided together who was to be sent back.

　　“None of you held back， you all acted together？”

　　“Yes.”

　　“Did you not know that you were sending the prisoners to their death？”

　　“Yes， but the new ones came， and the old ones had to make room for the new ones.”

　　“So because you wanted to make room， you said you and you and you have to be sent back to be killed？”

　　Hanna didn’t understand what the presiding judge was getting at.

　　“I . . . I mean . . . so what would you have done？” Hanna meant it as a serious question. She did not know what she should or could have done differently， and therefore wanted to hear from the judge， who seemed to know everything， what he would have done.

　　Everything was quiet for a moment. It is not the custom at German trials for defendants to question the judge. But now the question had been asked， and everyone was waiting for the judge’s answer. He had to answer； he could not ignore the question or brush it away with a reprimand or a dismissive counterquestion. It was clear to everyone， it was clear to him too， and I understood why he had adopted an expression of irritation as his defining feature. It was his mask. Behind it， he could take a little time to find an answer. But not too long； the longer he took， the greater the tension and expectation， and the better his answer had to be.

　　“There are matters one simply cannot get drawn into， that one must distance oneself from， if the price is not life and limb.”

　　Perhaps this would have been all right if he had said the same thing， but referred directly to Hanna or himself. Talking about what “one” must and must not do and what it costs did not do justice to the seriousness of Hanna’s question. She had wanted to know what she should have done in her particular situation， not that there are things that are not done. The judge’s answer came across as hapless and pathetic. Everyone felt it. They reacted with sighs of disappointment and stared in amazement at Hanna， who had more or less won the exchange. But she herself was lost in thought.

　　“So should I have . . . should I have not . . . should I not have signed up at Siemens？”

　　It was not a question directed at the judge. She was talking out loud to herself， hesitantly， because she had not yet asked herself that question and did not know whether it was the right one， or what the answer was.

　　法庭審理對(duì)漢娜來(lái)說(shuō)糟得不能再糟了。在審問(wèn)她個(gè)人情況時(shí)，她就沒(méi)給法庭留下什么好印象。起訴書(shū)宣讀完之后，她要求發(fā)言，因?yàn)樗�認(rèn)為有些事不屬實(shí)。審判長(zhǎng)憤怒地駁回了她。他說(shuō)，在刑事訴訟主要程序開(kāi)始之前，她已有足夠的時(shí)間研究起訴書(shū)，而且可以提出反對(duì)意見(jiàn)，現(xiàn)在人們已進(jìn)入了主要程序，起訴書(shū)中起訴的事屬實(shí)不屬實(shí)，要由聽(tīng)證來(lái)決定。聽(tīng)證開(kāi)始時(shí)，審判長(zhǎng)建議放棄朗讀那位女兒寫(xiě)的那本書(shū)的德文版本，因?yàn)橛屑业聡?guó)出版社正準(zhǔn)備出版此書(shū)，所有與此有關(guān)的人都已經(jīng)人手一本草稿。審判長(zhǎng)惱怒的目光注視著漢娜，他讓其辯護(hù)律師說(shuō)服她，使她同意這樣做。漢娜不同意。她也不想接受那種認(rèn)為她在一次初審中承認(rèn)過(guò)她曾經(jīng)拿到過(guò)教堂的鑰匙的說(shuō)法。她說(shuō)，她沒(méi)有拿過(guò)那把鑰匙，沒(méi)有人拿過(guò)那把鑰匙，根本就沒(méi)有開(kāi)教堂的一把鑰匙，而是有好多把開(kāi)好多門(mén)的鑰匙，它們都插在門(mén)外的鎖眼里。但是，在一份審判員的審訊記錄中所記載的情況卻是另外一個(gè)樣子，那份記錄由她本人閱讀過(guò)并簽了字。她問(wèn)人們?yōu)槭裁匆�把這件事強(qiáng)加于她，但這絲毫無(wú)濟(jì)于事。她問(wèn)得聲音不大，聽(tīng)起來(lái)并不自以為是，但卻很固執(zhí)。就像我感覺(jué)到的那樣，她感到困惑不解和無(wú)可奈何。她說(shuō)人們強(qiáng)加于她時(shí)，并不是譴責(zé)他們這樣做違反了法律。但是，審判長(zhǎng)先生卻是這樣理解的，而且反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈。漢娜的辯護(hù)律師急忙跳起來(lái)，熱心地為她辯護(hù)。當(dāng)他被問(wèn)到他是否想把人們對(duì)他的委托人的譴責(zé)據(jù)為己有時(shí)，他又坐了下來(lái)。

　　漢娜想要討個(gè)公道。她認(rèn)為她被冤枉的地方，她就提出抗議；如果她認(rèn)為別人對(duì)她的譴責(zé)公正的話，她也接受。她有時(shí)固執(zhí)地抗議，有時(shí)心甘情愿地承認(rèn)，好像她要通過(guò)承認(rèn)來(lái)獲得抗議的權(quán)利，或者通過(guò)抗議的方式來(lái)承認(rèn)她正常情況下無(wú)法爭(zhēng)辯的事情。但是，她沒(méi)有注意到她的固執(zhí)惹惱了審判長(zhǎng)。她對(duì)前后關(guān)系沒(méi)有概念，對(duì)游戲規(guī)則沒(méi)有概念，對(duì)自己的和別人的表達(dá)方式都沒(méi)有概念，不知有罪或無(wú)罪，判刑或釋放往往取決于表達(dá)方式。為了彌補(bǔ)她的這種缺陷，她的辯護(hù)律師必須是個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、沉著自信或者高人一籌的高手才行�；蛟S漢娜不該那樣難為他，她明顯地表現(xiàn)出對(duì)他的不信任，但她沒(méi)有能選擇她所信賴的律師。她的律師是由審判長(zhǎng)為她指定的，他有義務(wù)、有責(zé)任為她進(jìn)行辯護(hù)。

　　有時(shí)漢娜也能取得某種勝利。我還記得對(duì)她在集中營(yíng)里挑選囚犯這一問(wèn)題所進(jìn)行的審訊。其他被告用某時(shí)某刻做了某事來(lái)否認(rèn)參與了此事，漢娜卻心甘情愿地承認(rèn)參與了此事，但她說(shuō)她不是惟一的一個(gè)，而是像其他人一樣，和其他人一起參與了此事。這樣一來(lái)，審判長(zhǎng)就不得不逼問(wèn)她。

　　"挑選是如何進(jìn)行的？"

　　漢娜描述道，她們幾位女看守取得了一致意見(jiàn)，從她們六人所主管的同樣大小的范圍內(nèi)，選出同等數(shù)目的囚犯，也就是說(shuō)，每人選出十名，總共為六十名。但是，被選出的人數(shù)在低發(fā)病的情況下和高發(fā)病的情況下要有所木同。這樣，所有當(dāng)班的女看守最后要一起決定誰(shuí)該被送回去。

　　"你們當(dāng)中沒(méi)有人回避此事，您所講的包括所有的人嗎？"

　　"是的。"

　　"難道您不知道您是送那些囚犯去死嗎？"

　　"當(dāng)然是知道的，可是新的要來(lái)，先來(lái)的必須要給后來(lái)的讓地方。"

　　"因?yàn)橐�騰地方，您是這樣說(shuō)的吧：你，你，還有你就必須被送回去殺掉嗎？"

　　漢娜沒(méi)有弄明白審判長(zhǎng)想以此問(wèn)什么問(wèn)題。

　　"我有……我認(rèn)為……要是您的話，您會(huì)怎么做呢？"漢娜是把這個(gè)問(wèn)題作為一個(gè)嚴(yán)肅問(wèn)題提出來(lái)的。她不知道她該怎樣做，又能怎么做。因此她想聽(tīng)一聽(tīng)看上去廣見(jiàn)多識(shí)的審判長(zhǎng)該怎樣做。

　　一時(shí)，大廳里鴉雀無(wú)聲。被告人向?qū)徟虚L(zhǎng)提問(wèn)題不合乎德國(guó)的刑事審判程序。但是，現(xiàn)在問(wèn)題被提出來(lái)了，而且所有的人都在等著審判長(zhǎng)的回答。他必須回答，不能避開(kāi)問(wèn)題或者做非難性的評(píng)論或者用反問(wèn)的方式拒絕回答。每個(gè)人都清楚，他自己也明白，我也明白了他做出惱怒的表情的詭計(jì)。惱怒的表情給他戴上了一副假面具，在這副假面具的背后，他為自己回答問(wèn)題贏得了一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，但是沒(méi)有太多的時(shí)間，他拖延的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，人們的期待就越大，氣氛就越緊張，而他的回答就必須越好。

　　"有些事情人們根本就不該做，如果不去做不會(huì)要命的話，人們就必須回避。"

　　假如他說(shuō)漢娜或者他自己如何做，也許就足夠了。只談?wù)撊藗儽仨氉鍪裁矗�不允許做什么和人們做什么要付出什么代價(jià)，這與漢娜提出的問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)肅性不相符。她想知道的是處在她當(dāng)時(shí)的情況下，她應(yīng)該怎樣做，而不是有什么事情人們不可以做。審判長(zhǎng)的回答顯得無(wú)可奈何，毫無(wú)分量。在座的人都有同感。大家都很失望地深深地呼了口氣，驚奇地望著在某種程度上贏得了這場(chǎng)舌戰(zhàn)的漢娜。但是，漢娜本人仍在沉思。

　　"那么，我要是……沒(méi)有……如果我不能在西門(mén)子公司報(bào)名呢？"

　　那不是向法官提出的問(wèn)題。她在自言自語(yǔ)，她在猶豫不定地自問(wèn)，因?yàn)樗�還沒(méi)有把這個(gè)問(wèn)題提出來(lái)。她在懷疑這個(gè)問(wèn)題的正確性，在尋找它的答案。