每周一練：省略

　　句子成分的省略，可分為以下幾種情況：為了使話說得簡(jiǎn)明扼要，英語句子中某個(gè)單詞、短語甚至從句或主句都可以省去。

　　一、    狀語從句中的省略用法（非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語）

　�。ㄒ唬┤绻麖木涞闹髡Z和主句的主語一致，且從句的謂語含有be動(dòng)詞的某種形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同時(shí)省略從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞的某種形式。

　　1、when，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

　　e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.

　　When/While (I was) on my way to work， I met her.

　　2、if，unless，once引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句

　　e.g. If (it is) properly treated， waste will do no harm to the environment.

　　I'll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.

　　Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket， you will be punished.

　　3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

　　e.g. He was happy， though/although (he was) poor.

　　Whether (she is) sick or well， she is always cheerful.

　　No matter how/However hard the task (is)， we must fulfill it in time.（注：從句的主語和主句的主語不一致時(shí)，只省略從句中的be動(dòng)詞形式）

　　4、as if，as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句

　　e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.

　　He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一個(gè)將來的動(dòng)作）

　�。ǘ�）than，as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中的省略用法：當(dāng)不同的主語進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，一般省略從句中的謂語；當(dāng)從句中的主語與謂語（be動(dòng)詞除外）和主句中的主語與謂語相同時(shí)，通常省略從句中的主語和謂語，只保留比較部分。

　　e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).

　　I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

　�。ㄈ�）以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。

　　e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary， this old temple will be rebuilt.

　　If (that is) so， I will call you back at 5：00 pm.

　　There are only a few books in our school library， if (there are) any.

　　二、定語從句中的省略用法

　　關(guān)系詞的省略：關(guān)系代詞that，which，whom等在限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語且不位于介詞之后時(shí)，可以省略；in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語從句時(shí)可省略。

　　e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.

　　I don't like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

　　三、虛擬語氣中if及should的省略

　　1、    當(dāng)條件狀語從句中有were，had，should等時(shí)省略if，把它們提至句首，形成倒裝句。

　　e.g. If I were a teacher， I would be strict with my students.

　　= Were I a teacher， I would be strict with my students.

　　2、    Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建議、要求、命令的動(dòng)詞后接的從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞常用"should+動(dòng)詞原形"，should可以省略。

　　e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

　　四、不定式符號(hào)to的省略

　　1、    感官動(dòng)詞see，hear，feel，watch等和使役動(dòng)詞have，make，let等后接不定式作賓語時(shí)，不定式省略to。(一感feel，二聽hear， listen to， 三讓have， let， make，四看see， look at， observe， watch)

　　2、    do nothing but，can't help but等結(jié)構(gòu)常接省略to的不定式。

　　E.g. We didn't do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

　　Hearing the news， she couldn't help but cry.

　　3、    在特定語境中為了避免重復(fù)，當(dāng)不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí)，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的動(dòng)詞。但不定式后有be，have時(shí)，也保留be和have。

　　E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college， but I didn't want to.

　　五、So和not的替代性省略

　　用于避免重復(fù)前面所說過的內(nèi)容，替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句�？膳cbelieve，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I'm afraid等連用

　　e.g. - Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting？ - I suppose not.

　　六、日常交際中的省略

　　在情景會(huì)話中，答語常常省略不會(huì)引起歧義的主語、謂語或賓語部分，而只保留對(duì)方希望了解的內(nèi)容。在復(fù)合句或并列句中，也有省略主、謂、賓的情況。

　　e.g. - How many copies do you want？   -- (I want) Three copies， please.

　　-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall？  -- No， (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).
 

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