2012高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)：高考英語(yǔ)詞匯400題及詳解（一）

　　1. In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _____.

　　A.admitted B.acknowledged  C.absorbed  D.considered

　　[答案] D. considered

　　[注釋] considered 考慮; admit 承認(rèn); absorb 吸收。

　　[注意]acknowledge 1) (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承認(rèn), 供認(rèn); A. He acknowledged his mistake. (他承認(rèn)了他的錯(cuò)誤。) B. 接動(dòng)名詞 He acknowledged having been beaten. (他承認(rèn)被打敗了。) 2) (express thanks for) 致謝; A. Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. (瑪麗致函感謝饋贈(zèng)的禮物。) B. His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present. (向他贈(zèng)送禮品以感謝他長(zhǎng)期來(lái)對(duì)公司的服務(wù)。)

　　2. The boy slipped out of the room and headed for the swimming pool without his parents' _____.

　　A. command   B. conviction   C. consent  D. compromise

　　[答案] C. consent

　　[注釋] consent 同意, 贊成, 答應(yīng)。conviction 深信, 確信。compromise 妥協(xié), 折中。command 命令, 指令; 掌握, 運(yùn)用能力。

　　3. Our research has focused on a drug which is so _____ as to be able to change brain chemistry.

　　A. powerful B. influential   C. monstrous  D. vigorous

　　[答案] A. powerful

　　[注釋] powerful (=having or producing great power) 強(qiáng)有力的。在這里四個(gè)形容詞中, 只有powerful (有效力的) 可與表示藥物的名詞搭配。influential 有影響的, 有勢(shì)力的, monstrous 異常大的, vigorous 精力旺盛的, 強(qiáng)健有力的。

　　4. The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.

　　A. vanished  B. abandoned  C. scattered  D. rejected

　　[答案] B. abandoned

　　[注釋] abandoned (=give up completely) 放棄, 拋棄; 1) The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 2) The sailors abandoned the burning ship

　　[注意]abandon 暗指某人對(duì)其所拋棄的人或物將會(huì)發(fā)生什么事情不感興趣, 如把撞壞的汽車(chē)拋棄在路旁。vanish (=suddenly disappear; go out of existence) vi.消失, 絕跡; 1) The airplane vanished into the clouds.2) Many kinds of animals have vanished form the earth. (許多種類(lèi)的動(dòng)物以在地球上絕跡。)   scatter (=send, go in different direction) 驅(qū)使, 使分散; The police scattered the crowed. (警察驅(qū)散人群。) (=throw or put in various directions) 撒, 到處放; He scattered his clothes all over the room. reject (=refuse to accept) 拒絕接受; She rejected my suggestion

　　5. Henry's news report covering the conference was so _____ that nothing had been omitted.

　　A.understanding   B.comprehensible

　　C.comprehensive   D.understandable

　　[答案] C. comprehensive.

　　[注釋] comprehensive 完全的無(wú)所不包的; comprehensible 能懂的, 可以理解的; understandable 可以理解的, 主要用來(lái)指人的行為。understanding 用來(lái)指人時(shí), 表示"善于理解別人或別人問(wèn)題的 (人) 。"注意下面的搭配：a comprehensive map (街區(qū)詳圖) ; a comprehensible remark (聽(tīng)得懂的話) ,an understandable mistake (可以理解的錯(cuò)誤) ; an understanding friend (一位能理解人的朋友) 。

　　6. She was afraid that unless the train speeded up she would lose her _____ to Scotland.

　　A. ticket    B. place    C. seat    D. connection

　　[答案] D. connection

　　[注釋] lose one's connection to 誤了到......地方去的 (汽車(chē)、火車(chē)、輪船的) 聯(lián)運(yùn); The train was late and I missed my connection.

　　7. The ship was _____ in a storm off Jamaica.

　　A. drowned    B. sunk   C. wrecked   D. submitted

　　[答案] C. wrecked

　　[注釋] wreck vt. 撞壞, 毀壞; 1) My son wrecked my car. 2) My car was completely wrecked in the accident.

　　sink vt. 下沉, 沉沒(méi), 該動(dòng)詞也可作及物動(dòng)詞用, 意為“使下沉”, 但按本題句意看, 用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不妥。 drown 溺死, 淹死： (vt.) He drowned his wife. (vi) He drowned in the river. (他在河里淹死了。) submit 1) (=put oneself under the control of another) 提交, 呈送 (to) ： Should a wife submit herself to her husband? (妻子應(yīng)順從他丈夫嗎？) 2) (=put forward for option, discussion, decision ect.) 提出 (供評(píng)論、討論決定等) You must submit your request to the committee. 3) (=surrender (to) , give in) 屈服,投降：After being defeated, they submitted to the enemy. (打敗后, 他們向敵人投降了。)

　　8. No one has _____ been able to trace the author of the poem.

　　A. still   B. yet   C. already   D. just

　　[答案] B. yet

　　[注釋] yet 常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句中, 意為“尚, 還”。

　　9. More than one-third of the Chinese in the United States live in California, _____ in San Francisco.

　　A. previouslyB. predominantlyC practicallyD. permanently

　　[答案] B. predominantly.

　　[注釋] predominantly (=mostly; mainly) 主要地。 previously (=coming earlier in time or order) 先前, 早先; This is better than any solution previously. (這個(gè)辦法比以前提出的任何解決辦法都好。) practically (=really; in a practical way) 實(shí)際上。permanently (=going on for a long time) 永久地。

　　本題譯文：在美國(guó), 華人中有三分之一居住在加利福尼亞洲, 其中主要是在舊金山。

　　10. The new secretary has written a remarkably _____ report only in a few pages but with all the details.

　　A. concise   B. clear   C. precise   D. elaborate

　　[答案] A. concise.

　　[注釋] concise (=brief; giving much information in few words) 簡(jiǎn)明扼要的：He gave a concise report of the meeting. (他對(duì)會(huì)議作了簡(jiǎn)明扼要的報(bào)道。) clear 清楚的。precise (=exact; correctly stated; free form error) 精確的, 明白無(wú)誤的; Please tell me the precise measurements. (請(qǐng)告訴我精確的尺寸。) elaborate (=worked out with much care; carefully prepared) 精心制作的, 豐盛的：Peter worked out an elaborate scheme for raising the money. (彼得制定了一項(xiàng)詳盡得計(jì)劃來(lái)籌集著筆款項(xiàng)。) 孤立地看, 似乎4個(gè)形容詞均能修飾report, 但從句子的邏輯關(guān)系看, 后半句中有only in a few pages but with all the details, 故concise 是最貼切的選擇了。

　　11. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.

　　A. guilt    B. charge    C. blame   D. accusatio

　　[答案] C. blame.

　　[注釋]take the blame for 對(duì)......承擔(dān)責(zé)任。Take charge of 負(fù)責(zé)管理 (照顧) 。[注意]charge 前無(wú)冠詞the.

　　12. The worker agreed to _____ the strike if the company would satisfy their demands.

　　A. call for    B. call forth    C. call off    D. call up

　　 [答案] C. call off      [注釋] 詳見(jiàn)III,25,26注釋。

　　13. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't _____ what color it was.

　　A. look out  B. make out   C. get across   D. take after

　　[答案] B. make out      [注釋] 詳見(jiàn)III,123注釋。

　　14. He has impressed his employers considerably and _____ he is soon to be promoted.

　　A. eventually    B. yet    C. finally    D. accordingly

　　[答案] D. accordingly.

　　[注釋]accordingly (=for that reason, therefore) 因此, 所以。

　　15. It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.

　　A. attempt    B. trouble   C. power    D. effort

　　[答案] D. effort.

　　[注釋] effort (作可數(shù)名詞用) (=vigorous attempt) 努力的嘗試：Does it require a great effort of will to give up smoking? (戒煙需要堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的毅力嗎？)

　　16. The firemen managed to _____ the fire in time.

　　A. extinguish    B. prevent    C. suppress    D. ruin

　　[答案] A. extinguish.

　　[注釋] extinguish (=put out) vt. 撲滅 (火焰等) 。Stop the fire雖然也可以搭配, 但按本句題意用extinguish為最佳。

　　17. What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richard _____ common.

　　A. nothing butB. anything butC. above all D.rather than

　　[答案] B. anything but.

　　[注釋] anything but (=far from being) 根本不; The boys knew they bad broken the rules, and they were anything but happy when they were called to the office. (=They were unhappy and afraid.) nothing but 只不過(guò); Don't have him for a friend; he's nothing but a criminal. (不要把他當(dāng)朋友, 他只不過(guò)是個(gè)罪犯。) I have nothing but two dollars. (我只有2美元。) above all最重要的。rather than 而不是

　　18. The car was completely _____ and the driver seriously injured.

　　A. broken off B. taken off C. written off D. picked up

　　[答案] C. written off.[注釋] write off報(bào)廢, 參看III, 200.注釋; break off參看III.13.注釋; take off參看III.170.注釋; pick up參看III.130,129.注釋。

　　19. On this happy occasion, I'd like to say that we are _____ much obliged to you for your kind cooperation.

　　A. even so   B. ever so   C. as yet   D. so far

　　[答案] B. ever so.

　　[注釋]ever so (=very) 非常; It's ever so cold.與名詞搭配時(shí)則用ever such, 如：She's ever such a nice girl. (她是一位非常好的姑娘。) even so (=although that is true, nevertheless; still) 即使如此：The fire was out, but even so, the smell of smoke was strong. (=The fire was out, but the smell was still there.)

　　20. His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.

　　A. place    B. effect   C. post    D. office、

　　[答案] B. effect.  [注釋]take effect 生效。

　　21. The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and _____ him of speeding.

　　A. charged    B. accused    C. blamed    D. deprived

　　[答案] B. accused.

　　[注釋]accuse sb. of... 控告某人犯有......, warn sb. of警告、告戒某人有......deprive sb. of sth.剝奪某人某事。charge sb. with murder (指控某人犯有殺人罪) 。

　　22. Mr. Smith gradually _____ a knowledge of the subject.

　　A. attained    B. achieved    C. required    D. acquired

　　[答案] D. acquired.

　　[注釋]acquired (=gain for oneself by skill or ability, by one's own efforts or behavior) (由技術(shù)、能力、努力或行為) 獲得; 得到：He has acquired a good command of English language. (他已精通英語(yǔ)。) achieve, vt. 取得 (勝利、成功等) , 實(shí)現(xiàn) (目標(biāo)、目的等) 。 attain, vt. 達(dá)到 (目的等) , 取得 (成就等) ：1) I hope you will attain your object. (我希望你會(huì)達(dá)到你的目的。) 2) He attained success through hard work. 23. This is the _____ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.

　　   A. actual    B. genuine    C. real    D. original

　　[答案] A. actual   [注釋]本題中actual (=existing in fact, not imaginary) 實(shí)際使用過(guò)的。actual, read, genuine是同義詞, 有時(shí)可以互換, 如：an actual (or real) event in history, (歷史上的真實(shí)事件) , real (or genuine) banknotes (真鈔票), 其反義詞是false (假的) ; original (原來(lái)的) , 其反義詞是duplicate (復(fù)制的) 。從不同的角度看, 似乎任何一個(gè)選擇都說(shuō)得過(guò)去, 但按照題意選A. actual 最佳, 因?yàn)轭}中強(qiáng)調(diào)的不是鋼琴的真假, 而是指作曲家“實(shí)際使用過(guò)的”。本題譯文：這是作曲家創(chuàng)作他的一些杰出作品時(shí)實(shí)際使用過(guò)的那臺(tái)鋼琴。

　　24. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.

　　   A. treated    B. adopted    C. adjusted    D. remedied

　　[答案] C. adjusted.

　　[注釋]adjust (=arrange, put in order or agreement; make suitable or convenient for use) 強(qiáng)調(diào), 調(diào)節(jié), 使適應(yīng); The body adjusts itself to change of temperature. (身體能自行調(diào)節(jié)以適應(yīng)溫度的變化。) My eyes have not been adjusted to dark yet. (我的眼睛還沒(méi)有適應(yīng)黑暗。) 本句中adjust是不及物動(dòng)詞。I must adjust my watch. It's slow. (我必須調(diào)一下我的表。它走得慢了。)

　　25. According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, wisdom comes from the _____ of maturity.

　　   A. fulfillment      B. achievement

　　   C. establishment    D. accomplishment

　　[答案] B. achievement

　　[注釋]achievement (=something successfully finished or gained especially through skill and hard work) 取得, 達(dá)到, 成就。例如：achievement age智力成熟年齡。fulfilment (=the act of fulfilling or condition of being fulfilled) 履行, 實(shí)行。如：He was willing to face any hardship in fulfilment of his duties. (他愿意迎向困難去履行他得職責(zé)。) establishment 建立,建設(shè)。Accomplishment (順利) 完成：It was a great accomplishment to finish the house cleaning in two days. (兩天內(nèi)打掃完這棟屋子是件很了不起的事。)