高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí):如何正確判斷英語(yǔ)句子時(shí)態(tài)
2011-11-16 16:45:02新浪博客
要迅速、準(zhǔn)確地確定句子的時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)是比較困難的。無(wú)論是作動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)填空題還是單項(xiàng)選擇題,掌握好動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的幾種基本用法對(duì)于學(xué)好英語(yǔ)至關(guān)重要。如能對(duì)所學(xué)的幾種時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用自如,則可以迅速地提高英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作能力,中學(xué)生英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中的錯(cuò)誤大多都與時(shí)態(tài)有關(guān)。學(xué)好動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程,要靠平時(shí)逐漸積累語(yǔ)法知識(shí),細(xì)心體會(huì),但掌握規(guī)律,總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)也是十分重要的。
要確定一個(gè)動(dòng)詞在具體的句子中到底用什么樣的時(shí)態(tài),首先是理解各種時(shí)態(tài)的概念、其語(yǔ)法形式和基本用法,其次是要記住與各種時(shí)態(tài)經(jīng)常配合使用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)及相關(guān)的信息詞,如at this time yesterday經(jīng)常與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)連用;often,always經(jīng)常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)或一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用;yet常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用;Look!或 Listen!暗示其后的句子應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)等等。也就是說(shuō),在沒(méi)有上下文的情況下常要靠時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或相關(guān)的信息詞來(lái)確定句子的時(shí)態(tài),所以確定句子時(shí)態(tài)的第一個(gè)要訣是:
一、簡(jiǎn)單句,最基本,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是線索,信息詞匯要留心。
例1.Mr King taught__________(teach)us English last term .
例2.His uncle_________ in three days.
A.returns .has returned C.returned D.will return
例3.Listen! Some of the girls ___________ about Harry Potter. Let's join them !
A.are talking B.talk C.will talk D.talked
一個(gè)并列句,如果兩個(gè)分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在同一時(shí)間發(fā)生(過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)),前后兩分句的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致;如果兩個(gè)分句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示不同時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),則前后兩個(gè)分句的時(shí)態(tài)就不一樣。所以確定并列句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)鍵是要分析謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在的時(shí)間關(guān)系,故確定句子時(shí)態(tài)的第二個(gè)訣竅是:
二、并列句,前后看,時(shí)間關(guān)系是關(guān)鍵!
例4.I often my homework after supper.But yesterday evening, I___________TV.
A.do,watch B.did,watched C.did,watch D.do,watched
例5.Tom___________to bed early but his brother doesn't.
A.goes B.went C.has gone D. go
例6.He turned off the light then____________.
A.leaves B.left C.will leave D. leave
復(fù)合句是由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句構(gòu)成的,故主、從句之間有一種時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)關(guān)系。如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),則賓語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)需要選擇相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài);如果主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),則賓語(yǔ)從句用一般用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),即一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)。有時(shí)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則并不能概括所有的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象,所以一些習(xí)慣用法必須遵循。如果賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是不受時(shí)間限制的客觀真理,盡管主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),賓語(yǔ)從句也得用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài);when,as soon as,until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句,通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)。其基本格式是:一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)的陳述句或祈使句+時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句。還需要注意積累一些其它的時(shí)態(tài)搭配關(guān)系。故確定句子時(shí)態(tài)的第三條訣竅是:
三、復(fù)合句,句套句,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要呼應(yīng),習(xí)慣用法須記清。
例7.She didn't tell us_______________.
A.how old the patient was B.how old was the patient
C.how old the patient is D.how old is the patient
例8.-When will you tell him the good news?
-I will tell him about it as soon as he______________back.
A.comes B.came C.will come D.is coming
例9.Do you know if_____________back next week? If he_________back,please let me know.
A.he comes, will come B.will he come, come
C.he will come, comes D.will he come, will come
例10.Our physics teacher told us light_____________faster than sound.
A.travelled B.has travelled C.travels D.will travel