高中生英語作文寫作常出現(xiàn)的十大語法錯(cuò)誤(2)
2011-09-28 15:13:54新浪網(wǎng)文章作者:李鴻鑫
4.固定搭配錯(cuò)誤
有介詞短語的搭配,固定詞組的搭配,更多的是特殊動(dòng)詞的搭配和用法出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤最多。很多學(xué)習(xí)者在記單詞的時(shí)候,不記搭配和真正用法,錯(cuò)誤如下:
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正確的句子:
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
據(jù)以上的分析,中國學(xué)習(xí)者的英語應(yīng)用很大程度上受到其母語的影響,直接翻譯,沒有記住這些動(dòng)詞的特殊用法。
5.非謂語動(dòng)詞錯(cuò)誤
由于學(xué)生對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念不清楚,對(duì)不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的用法不明白,對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析不正確,常把非謂語動(dòng)詞誤用作謂語動(dòng)詞。學(xué)生不知道在英語句子中謂語動(dòng)詞只能有一個(gè),如果有另外一個(gè)動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn),這個(gè)動(dòng)詞有三種情況:一是并列謂語,但是這時(shí)候必須有連詞,如and, but等;二是出現(xiàn)在從句里面;三就是以分詞形式出現(xiàn),現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,還有不定式,F(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)語態(tài)和進(jìn)行時(shí)的含義,而過去區(qū)分詞有被動(dòng)語態(tài)和完成時(shí)的含義,不定式有將來時(shí)態(tài)的意義。例如:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正確的句子:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析:a句中己有謂語動(dòng)詞there are,用來修飾things,此句缺的是后置定語。b句look forward to是一個(gè)固定短語,后面要接動(dòng)名詞。c句要用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,跟所修飾的名詞之間是主謂關(guān)系,表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行,因此用“sleeping”,相當(dāng)于 “the child who is sleeping"。
6.冠詞錯(cuò)誤
學(xué)生在翻譯時(shí)常會(huì)忘了考慮冠詞,或者說不重視冠詞這個(gè)問題,常有多用或少用或錯(cuò)用的弊病。冠詞考查分兩個(gè)方面,一是冠詞的殘缺或多余,考生要注意關(guān)于含有冠詞(不含冠詞)的用法以及加冠詞與不加冠詞的區(qū)別,如:in charge of與in the charge of, out of question與out of the question的區(qū)別。二是冠詞the, a, an(不定冠詞和定冠詞)之間的相互誤用。
英漢名詞確有許多共同點(diǎn),但是也有不少不同點(diǎn)。英語名詞有可數(shù)與不可數(shù)之分,漢語里沒有,且一般情況下,名詞都可受到數(shù)量詞的限制。因此,英語寫作中,一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少數(shù)常用不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),學(xué)生往往會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。不過,在使用英語不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),又會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩種情況,一種是絕不可以用a/an或數(shù)詞來直接修飾,如上述提及的幾個(gè)名詞:另一種情況是,少數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞在被形容詞等修飾后,可用a/an等來修飾。如time(時(shí)間),rain(雨)。所以我們可以說:We had a wonderful time yesterday. 例如:
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
正確的句子:
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
相關(guān)閱讀:
高考英語復(fù)習(xí):高考英語閱讀中的“一要四不要”
2012年高考備戰(zhàn):英語短文改錯(cuò)的幾個(gè)技巧