高考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題解題策略與技巧(2)
2011-03-21 16:18:52紫山冰露的博客
。ǘ┢饰鲱}干法
剖析題干法是指準(zhǔn)確把握題干的主旨大意,揣摩出命題人想考查哪個(gè)或哪些語法或詞語知識,綜合利用題干中的已知信息,由已知信息判斷出語句空缺處隱藏的正確詞語,這就要求我們要有敏銳的觀察力和細(xì)致的分析問題的能力。因此,答題時(shí)必須注重對題干中隱性信息的捕捉,而且,題干中所包含的多個(gè)信息對解題的引導(dǎo)效度并不完全相等,所以,我們在做題時(shí)就要做到把引導(dǎo)效度最大的語言信息與語句空缺處的隱性信息聯(lián)系起來,確保我們選出正確的答案。
例題1:
— Is that the small town you often refer to?
— Right, just the one ________ you know I used to work for years.
A. that B. which C. where D. what
答案:C?吹竭@道題,稍具一定語法知識的人都知道是在考查定語從句的語法知識,但稍微一有疏忽大意,就會錯(cuò)選答案A或B。如果細(xì)心一些,完整分析全句,就不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)從句中缺少的是用作地點(diǎn)狀語的關(guān)系副詞。如果錯(cuò)以為該定語從句是由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的(由于題干中的you know其了干擾作用),那么I used to work 放在從句里應(yīng)作何解釋。而且,如果用關(guān)系代詞來引導(dǎo)那個(gè)定語從句,A和B豈不都成了正確答案。
例題2:
Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _______ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.
A. work B. working C. is working D. are working
想想看,答案為什么是C。
例題3:
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ________ each year.
A. is washing away B. is being washed away C. are washing away D. are being washed away
想想看,答案為什么是B。
(三)結(jié)構(gòu)還原法
結(jié)構(gòu)還原是指把主從復(fù)合句還原為兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡單句,把疑問句還原為陳述句,把強(qiáng)調(diào)句式或倒裝句式還原為普通句式,把省略句補(bǔ)充完整,把被動結(jié)構(gòu)還原為主動結(jié)構(gòu)等。
例題1:
If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
答案:D。此題是一個(gè)包含由women做主語的主句,并包含有由從屬連詞“If” 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句和關(guān)系副詞 “where” 引導(dǎo)的定語從句在內(nèi)的一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。把它們分解為三個(gè)簡單句,即:(If) a shop has chairs. Women can park their men there(on the chairs). They(the women) will spend more time in the shops。就很容易看出,其中兩個(gè)簡單句的重疊部分是表地點(diǎn)的chairs,用where引導(dǎo)定語從句,相當(dāng)于on which,這樣一來,找出正確答案就很容易了。
例題2:
— ________ that he managed to get the information?
— — Oh, a friend of his helped him.
A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it
想想看,答案為什么是C。
例題3:
Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across the open sea, which ________ the Pacific, and we met no storm.
A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called
想想看,答案為什么是B。