為高考英語單選易錯(cuò)題“開處方”

　　單項(xiàng)選擇是英語高考的一個(gè)必考題型。單選題不是單純地考查“純語法”或“純詞匯”，而是在特定的語言環(huán)境中考查考生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力。

　　易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一  思維定勢干擾

　　典例1  （2007年重慶卷）  Isn’t it time you got down to ___ the papers?

　　 A. mark              B. be marked　　C. being marked       D. marking

　　【命題意圖】  介詞to與不定式符號(hào)to辨析

　　【 解題思路】  正確答案為D。考生易誤以為考查動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)而選A。其實(shí)本題考查短語get down to doing sth的用法，意思是開始認(rèn)真對待某事。

　　【失誤警示】  思維定勢是指在長期的思維過程中所形成的一種固定的思維模式。運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，它可以幫助考生在短時(shí)間內(nèi)調(diào)集解決問題所需的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行分析、推理，并得出正確的答案；運(yùn)用不當(dāng)，便會(huì)誤導(dǎo)考生，使其掉入命題人預(yù)設(shè)的陷阱。

　　易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)二  冗余信息干擾

　　典例2  （2007年江西卷）

　　Attention, coffee lovers! We have for you, the best coffee machine ___ invented.

　　 A. ever   B. already   C. even    D. nowadays

　　【命題意圖】  特定語境中的副詞辨析

　　【解題思路】  正確答案為A。本題的主體句是We have the best coffee machine ___ invented，而分詞短語ever invented = which have ever been invented是定語修飾語；for you不影響主體句答案的選擇。

　　【失誤警示】  常見的冗余信息有插入語、后置定語、前置狀語、從句等。對于此類題目，考生可以反其道而行之，去掉冗余部分，這樣，答案就會(huì)一目了然。

　　易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)三  被表面現(xiàn)象迷惑

　　典例3  （2007年遼寧卷） You can’t imagine what difficulty we had ______ home in the snowstorm.

　　A. walked   B. walk   C. to walk    D. walking

　　【命題意圖】  英語固定句型的用法

　　【解題思路】  正確答案為D。把題干還原，很容易看出，本句使用的是have some difficulty （ｉｎ） doing sth這個(gè)句型。

　　【失誤警示】  單項(xiàng)填空題中，命題人常常變化一些常見的短語或句法結(jié)構(gòu)，使答題者不容易分辨。此種手段常導(dǎo)致考生機(jī)械地套用語法，進(jìn)而作出錯(cuò)誤的選擇。做此類題目時(shí)要注意學(xué)會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)換和還原，使之清晰明了。

　　 易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)四  忽視有效附加信息

　　典例4  （2006年北京卷） —Which driver was to blame? —Why, ____! It was the child’s fault, clear and simple. He suddenly came out between two parked cars.

　　 A. both   B. each    C. either    D. neither

　　【命題意圖】  特定語境中不定代詞的辨析

　　【解題思路】  正確答案為D。本題若只注意到whichdriver was to blame 而忽略the child’s fault就會(huì)誤選答案B或A。而最后一句表明，是小孩從兩輛停著的車子中沖出，導(dǎo)致事故。

　　【失誤警示】  單項(xiàng)填空題的空白后有時(shí)附帶一些文字信息，這些信息千萬不能忽視，它們并非總是冗余信息。判斷依據(jù)是，有此信息與無此信息句子意義完全不同。

　　易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)五  受母語干擾

　　典例5  （2007年江西卷）—I’m dead tired. I can’t walk any further, Jenny.  —____, Tommy. You can do it.

　　 A. No problem     B. No hurry　   C. Come on        D. That’s OK

　　【命題意圖】  交際用語的用法

　　【解題思路】  正確答案為C。易誤選A或D，因?yàn)闈h語里常用“你會(huì)沒問題的，你能行的”來安慰他人，但英語中通常用Come on, you can do it來鼓勵(lì)他人。

　　【失誤警示】  由于母語在大腦中的根深蒂固，所以常常會(huì)對外語學(xué)習(xí)者大腦中尚不牢固的外語知識(shí)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。命題者常利用這一點(diǎn)，制造陷阱。

　　實(shí)戰(zhàn)演習(xí)（定時(shí)：30mins，每小題1分，共45分，得分：_____分）　　
1. An accident happened at ________ crossroads a few meters away from _____ bank.
A. a; a                 B. / ; a
C. / ; the                D. the; /
2. My ___ of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.
A. idea   B. opinion    C. mind     D. thought
3. David has won the first prize in singing； he is still very excited now and feels ___ desire to go to bed.
A. the worst    B. more   C. worse    D. the least
4. If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
A. that    B. which     C. when     D. where
5. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ____ he thought was not enough.
A. where   B. how   C. what    D. which
6. John, look at the time. ____ you play the piano at such a late hour？
A. Must    B. Can   C. May   D. Need
7. —Don’t you think it necessary that he ____ to Miami but to New York？
—I agree, but the problem is __ he has refused to.
A. will not be sent; that
B. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; what
D. should not send; what
8. Her sister has become a lawyer, __ she wanted to be.
A. who    B. that   C. what    D. which
9. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, ____ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students’ Union.
A. during which time  B. for which time
C. during whose time  D. by that time
10. The poor young man is ready to accept _____ help he can get.
A. whichever  B. however  C. whatever  D. whenever
11. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth ____ each year.
A. is washing away    B. is being washed away
C. are washing away   D. are being washed away
12. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ____ at the party, but not ____. 
A. to arrive; leaving    B. to arrive; to leave
C. arriving; leaving     D. arriving; to leave
13. The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area.
A. caused   B. to have caused
C. to cause       D. having caused
14. —Did you tell Julia about the result?
—Oh, no, I forgot. I ___ her now.
A. will be calling      B. will call
C. call               D. am to call
15. ____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.
A. A quiet students as he may be
B. Quiet student as he may be
C. Be a quiet student as he may
D. Quiet as he may be a student
16. The country life he was used to ____ greatly since 1992.
A. change    B. has changed
C. changing    D. have changed
17. The doctor advised Vera strongly that he should take a holiday, but ____ didn’t help.
A. it     B. she   C. which     D. he
18. A poet and artist ___ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.
A. is    B. are    C. was    D. were
19. If it were not for the fact that she ____sing, 1 would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t  B. shouldn’t  C. can’t  D. might not
20. The workers will go on strike if the demands they ______put forward are turned down.
A. could    B. would     C. /      D. had
21. Mary, _____ here —— everybody else, stay where you are.
A. come   B. comes    C. to come   D. coming
22. —Which of the two ties would you like to take?
—I’d like to take ________, to give me a change sometimes.
A. both    B. each  C. either   D. neither
23. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _____ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.
A. why     B. that    C. where     D. because
24. We’re just trying to reach a point ________ both sides will sit together and talk.
A. where   B. that    C. when    D. which
25. —I’m dead tired. I can’t walk any further, Jenny.
—_____, Tommy. You can do it.
A. No problem     B. No hurry
C. Come on        D. That’s OK
26. Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one_______.
A. blamed         B. blaming
C. to blame        D. to be blamed
27. _____ and I’ll get the work finished.
A. Have one more hour
B. One more hour
C. Given one more hour
D. If I have one more hour
28. —How long do you think it will be _____China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?
—Perhaps two or three years.
A. when     B. until     C. that     D. before
29. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ____ in my new job.
A. expected           B. to expect
C. to be expected      D. expects
30. We want to rent a bus which can _____ 40 people for our trip to Beijing.
A. 1oad    B. hold    C. fill    D. support
31. —Could I have a word with you, mum?
—Oh dear, if you______.
A. can   B. must   C. may D. should
32. —Why don’t we take a little break?
—Didn’t we just have ______?
A. it     B. that     C. one     D. this
33. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _____ I will always treasure.
A. that     B. one     C. it    D. what
34. The home improvements have taken what little there is ____ my spare time.
A. from     B. in      C. of     D. at
35. ____ modeling business is by no means easy to get into, the good model will always be in demand.
A. While      B. Since     C. As     D. If
36. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always ______ much to do.
A. such     B. that   C. more   D. very
37. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.
A. heavier              B. heavy
C. the heavier           D. the heaviest
38. —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
—You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. shan’t               B. might not
C. needn’t              D. shouldn’t
39. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could     B. would     C. must    D. need
40. —How about eight o’ clock outside the cinema?
—That _______ me fine.
A. fits     B. meets     C. satisfies   D. suits
41. Happy birthday, Alice! So you have ___________ twenty-one already!
A. become  B. turned  C. grown  D. passed
42. We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it ____ very well.
A. worked out             B. tried out
C. went on                D. carried on
43. Hospital staff burst into cheers after doctors completed a 20-hours operation to have ______ one-year-old twins at the head.
A. isolated  B. separated   C. divided  D. removed
44. I ____ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year.
A. will play   B. have played  C. played  D. play
45. “The interest _________ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may   B. should     C. must      D. shall

    Keys:
    1-5 ADDDC   6-10 ABDAA   11-15 DCDBB  16-20 BAACC  21-25 AABAC   26-30 CBDBB  31-35 BCBCA   36-40 BAAAD  41-45 BABDD